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作者：Benson, Alan; Board, Simon; Meyer-Ter-Vehn, Moritz
作者单位：University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles
摘要：We propose a simple model of racial bias in hiring that encompasses three major theories: taste-based discrimination, screening discrimination, and complementary production. We derive a test that can distinguish these theories based on the mean and variance of workers' productivity under managers of different pairs of races. We apply this test to study discrimination at a major U.S. retailer using data from 48,755 newly hired commission-based salespeople. White, black, and Hispanic managers wi...
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作者：Bianchi, Nicola; Bovini, Giulia; Li, Jin; Paradisi, Matteo; Powell, Michael
作者单位：Northwestern University; National Bureau of Economic Research; European Central Bank; Bank of Italy; University of Hong Kong
摘要：This article studies career spillovers across workers, which arise in firms with limited promotion opportunities. We exploit a 2011 Italian pension reform that unexpectedly tightened eligibility criteria for the public pension, leading to sudden, substantial, and heterogeneous retirement delays. Using administrative data on Italian private-sector workers, the analysis leverages cross-firm variation to isolate the effect of retirement delays among soon-to-retire workers on the wage growth and p...
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作者：Eggertsson, Gauti B.; Juelsrud, Ragnar E.; Summers, Lawrence H.; Getz Wold, Ella
作者单位：Brown University; Norges Bank; BI Norwegian Business School; Harvard University
摘要：We investigate the bank lending channel of negative nominal policy rates from an empirical and theoretical perspective. For the empirical results, we rely on Swedish data, including daily bank-level lending rates. We find that retail household deposit rates are subject to a lower bound (DLB). Empirically, once the DLB is met, the pass-through to mortgage lending rates and credit volumes is substantially lower and bank equity values decline in response to further policy rate cuts. We construct ...
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作者：Canay, Ivan A.; Mogstad, Magne; Mountjoy, Jack
作者单位：Northwestern University; University of Chicago; University of Chicago; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：The decisions of judges, lenders, journal editors, and other gatekeepers often lead to significant disparities across affected groups. An important question is whether, and to what extent, these group-level disparities are driven by relevant differences in underlying individual characteristics or by biased decision makers. Becker (1957, 1993) proposed an outcome test of bias based on differences in post-decision outcomes across groups, inspiring a large and growing empirical literature. The go...
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作者：Magnolfi, Lorenzo; Roncoroni, Camilla
作者单位：University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; University of Warwick
摘要：We propose a method to estimate static discrete games with weak assumptions on the information available to players. We do not fully specify the information structure of the game but allow instead for all information structures consistent with players knowing their own payoffs. To make this approach tractable, we adopt as a solution concept Bayes correlated equilibrium (BCE). We characterize the sharp identified set under BCE and unrestricted equilibrium selection, and find that in simple game...
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作者：Beraja, Martin; Yang, David Y.; Yuchtman, Noam
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); National Bureau of Economic Research; Harvard University; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR); University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut
摘要：Developing artificial intelligence (AI) technology requires data. In many domains, government data far exceed in magnitude and scope data collected by the private sector, and AI firms often gain access to such data when providing services to the state. We argue that such access can stimulate commercial AI innovation in part because data and trained algorithms are shareable across government and commercial uses. We gather comprehensive information on firms and public security procurement contra...
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作者：Assuncao, Juliano; McMillan, Robert; Murphy, Joshua; Souza-Rodrigues, Eduardo
作者单位：Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio de Janeiro; University of Toronto; National Bureau of Economic Research; Natural Resources Canada
摘要：This article sets out a data-driven approach for targeting environmental policies optimally in order to combat deforestation. We focus on the Amazon, the world's most extensive rainforest, where Brazil's federal government issued a Priority List of municipalities in 2008-a blacklist to be targeted with more intense environmental monitoring and enforcement. First, we estimate the causal impact of the Priority List on deforestation (along with other relevant treatment effects) using changes-in-c...
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作者：Bhattarai, Saroj; Eggertsson, Gauti B.; Gafarov, Bulat
作者单位：University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; Brown University; University of California System; University of California Davis
摘要：This article presents a model of quantitative easing (QE) at the zero lower bound (ZLB) on the short-term nominal interest rate. QE, which reduces the maturity of government debt, is effective at the ZLB because it generates expectations of future monetary expansion in a time-consistent equilibrium. Numerical experiments show that this effect can be substantial.
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作者：Barron, Daniel; Guo, Yingni; Reich, Bryony
作者单位：Northwestern University; Northwestern University
摘要：This article develops a model to explore how favour exchange influences wealth dynamics. We identify a key obstacle to wealth accumulation: wealth crowds out favour exchange. Therefore, households must choose between growing their wealth and accessing favour exchange. We show that low-wealth households rely on favour exchange at the cost of having tightly limited long-term wealth. As a result, initial wealth disparities persist and can even grow worse. We then explore how communities and polic...
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作者：Ostrizek, Franz; Shishkin, Denis
作者单位：University of Bonn; University of California System; University of California San Diego
摘要：We study a decision-framing design problem: a principal faces an agent with frame-dependent preferences and designs an extensive form with a frame at each stage. This allows the principal to circumvent incentive compatibility constraints by inducing dynamically inconsistent choices of the sophisticated agent. We show that a vector of contracts can be implemented if and only if it can be implemented using a canonical extensive form, which has a simple high-low-high structure using only three st...
