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作者：Marcos, Miguel Angel Talamas
作者单位：Inter-American Development Bank; Northwestern University
摘要：Hundreds of millions of microenterprises in emerging economies face increased competition from the entry and expansion of large firms that offer similar products. This paper examines the impacts of the opening of chain-run convenience stores on one of the world's most ubiquitous microenterprises: owner-operated shops. To address endogeneity in time and location of chains' opening, I pair two-way fixed effects with a novel instrument that shifts the profitability of chains but not of shops at t...
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作者：Ager, Philipp; Feigenbaum, James J.; Hansen, Casper W.; Tan, Hui Ren
作者单位：University of Mannheim; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR); Boston University; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Copenhagen; National University of Singapore
摘要：Fears of immigrants as a threat to public health have a long and sordid history. At the turn of the 20th century, when immigrants made up one-third of the population in crowded American cities, contemporaries blamed high urban mortality rates on the newest arrivals. We evaluate how the implementation of country-specific immigration quotas in the 1920s affected urban health. Cities with larger quota-induced reductions in immigration experienced a persistent decline in mortality rates, driven by...
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作者：Bianchi, Francesco; Ilut, Cosmin; Saijo, Hikaru
作者单位：Johns Hopkins University; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; National Bureau of Economic Research; Duke University; University of California System; University of California Santa Cruz
摘要：A large psychology literature argues that, due to selective memory recall, decision-makers' forecasts of the future are overly influenced by the perceived news. We adopt the diagnostic expectations (DE) paradigm [Bordalo et al. (2018), Journal of Finance, 73, 199-227] to capture this feature of belief formation, develop a method to incorporate DE in business cycle models, and study the implications for aggregate dynamics. First, we address (1) the theoretical challenges associated with modelli...
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作者：Vidart, Daniela
作者单位：University of Connecticut
摘要：This paper revisits the link between electrification and the rise in female labour force participation (LFP), and presents theoretical and empirical evidence showing that electrification triggered a rise in female LFP by increasing market opportunities for skilled women. I formalize my theory in an overlapping generations model and find that my mechanism explains one quarter of the rise in female LFP during the rollout of electricity in the U.S. (1880-1940), and matches the slow decline in fem...
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作者：Gulzar, Saad; Khan, Muhammad Yasir
作者单位：Princeton University; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); University of Pittsburgh
摘要：How can we motivate good politicians-those that will carry out policy that is responsive to citizens' preferences-to enter politics? In a field experiment in Pakistan, we vary how political office is portrayed to ordinary citizens. Emphasizing prosocial motives for holding political office instead of personal returns-such as the ability to help others versus enhancing one's own respect and status-raises the likelihood that individuals run for office and that voters elect them. A year later, th...
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作者：Farhi, Emmanuel; Tirole, Jean
作者单位：Universite de Toulouse; Universite Toulouse 1 Capitole; Toulouse School of Economics
摘要：Authorities' support policies shape the location and continuation of industrial and banking activity on their soil. Firms' locus of activity depends on their prospect of receiving financial assistance in distress and therefore on factors such as countries' relative resilience. We predict that global firms are global in life and national in death; and that they become less global when competition is more intense, times are turbulent, and international risk sharing (say, through swap lines) weak...
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作者：Kroft, Kory; Laliberte, Jean-William; Leal-Vizcaino, Rene; Notowidigdo, Matthew J.
作者单位：University of Toronto; University of Calgary; University of Chicago
摘要：This paper studies commodity taxation in a model featuring heterogeneous consumers, imperfect competition, and tax salience. We derive new formulas for the incidence and marginal excess burden of commodity taxation highlighting interactions between tax salience and market structure. We estimate the necessary inputs to the formulas by using Nielsen Retail Scanner and Consumer Panel data covering grocery stores and households in the U.S. and detailed sales tax data. We estimate a large amount of...
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作者：Chen, Xiaohong; Christensen, Timothy; Kankanala, Sid
作者单位：Yale University; University of London; University College London; Yale University
摘要：We introduce two data-driven procedures for optimal estimation and inference in nonparametric models using instrumental variables. The first is a data-driven choice of sieve dimension for a popular class of sieve two-stage least-squares estimators. When implemented with this choice, estimators of both the structural function h0 and its derivatives (such as elasticities) converge at the fastest possible (i.e. minimax) rates in sup-norm. The second is for constructing uniform confidence bands (U...
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作者：Folini, Doris; Friedl, Aleksandra; Kubler, Felix; Scheidegger, Simon
作者单位：Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich; University of Lausanne; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; University of Munich; University of Zurich
摘要：To analyse climate change mitigation strategies, economists rely on simplified climate models-so-called climate emulators-that provide a realistic quantitative link between CO2 emissions and global warming at low computational costs. In this paper, we propose a generic and transparent calibration and evaluation strategy for these climate emulators that are based on freely and easily accessible state-of-the-art benchmark data from climate sciences. We demonstrate that the appropriate choice of ...
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作者：Giuliano, Paola; Nunn, Nathan
