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作者：Ager, Philipp; Feigenbaum, James J.; Hansen, Casper W.; Tan, Hui Ren
作者单位：University of Mannheim; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR); Boston University; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Copenhagen; National University of Singapore
摘要：Fears of immigrants as a threat to public health have a long and sordid history. At the turn of the 20th century, when immigrants made up one-third of the population in crowded American cities, contemporaries blamed high urban mortality rates on the newest arrivals. We evaluate how the implementation of country-specific immigration quotas in the 1920s affected urban health. Cities with larger quota-induced reductions in immigration experienced a persistent decline in mortality rates, driven by...
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作者：Borusyak, Kirill; Jaravel, Xavier; Spiess, Jann
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; Stanford University
摘要：We develop a framework for difference-in-differences designs with staggered treatment adoption and heterogeneous causal effects. We show that conventional regression-based estimators fail to provide unbiased estimates of relevant estimands absent strong restrictions on treatment-effect homogeneity. We then derive the efficient estimator addressing this challenge, which takes an intuitive imputation form when treatment-effect heterogeneity is unrestricted. We characterize the asymptotic behavio...
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作者：Gieczewski, German; Kosterina, Svetlana
作者单位：Princeton University; Amazon.com
摘要：We study policy experimentation in organizations with endogenous membership. An organization decides when to stop a policy experiment based on its results. As information arrives, agents update their beliefs, and enter or leave the organization based on their expected flow payoffs. Unsuccessful experiments make all agents more pessimistic, but also drive out conservative members. We identify sufficient conditions under which the latter effect dominates, leading to excessive experimentation. In...
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作者：Aryal, Gaurab; Murry, Charles; Williams, Jonathan W.
作者单位：Washington University (WUSTL); Boston College; University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill; University of North Carolina School of Medicine
摘要：We develop a model of inter-temporal and intra-temporal price discrimination by monopoly airlines to study the ability of different discriminatory pricing mechanisms to increase efficiency and the associated distributional implications. To estimate the model, we use unique data from international airline markets with flight-level variation in prices across time, cabins, and markets and information on passengers' reasons for travel and time of purchase. The current pricing practice yields appro...
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作者：Andre, Peter
作者单位：Goethe University Frankfurt
摘要：Meritocracies aspire to reward hard work and promise not to judge individuals by the circumstances into which they were born. However, circumstances often shape the choice to work hard. I show that people's merit judgments are shallow and insensitive to this effect. They hold others responsible for their choices, even if these choices have been shaped by unequal circumstances. In an experiment, U.S. participants judge how much money workers deserve for the effort they exert. Unequal circumstan...
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作者：Davis, Morris A.; Ghent, Andra C.; Gregory, Jesse
作者单位：Rutgers University System; Rutgers University New Brunswick; Utah System of Higher Education; University of Utah; University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison
摘要：We study the impact of widespread adoption of work-from-home (WFH) technology using an equilibrium model where people choose where to live, how to allocate their time between working at home and at the office, and how much space to use in production. Motivated by cross-sectional evidence on WFH, we model WFH as a complement to work at the office. Simulations of the model indicate that the pandemic induced a large change to the relative productivity of WFH that substantially increased home pric...
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作者：He, Xiaoqi; Song, Kyungchul
作者单位：Central University of Finance & Economics; University of British Columbia
摘要：This article introduces a measure of the diffusion of binary outcomes over a large, sparse network, when the diffusion is observed in two time periods. The measure captures the aggregated spillover effect of the state-switches in the initial period on their neighbours' outcomes in the second period. This article introduces a causal network that captures the causal connections among the cross-sectional units over the two periods. It shows that when the researcher's observed network contains the...
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作者：Bianchi, Francesco; Ilut, Cosmin; Saijo, Hikaru
作者单位：Johns Hopkins University; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; National Bureau of Economic Research; Duke University; University of California System; University of California Santa Cruz
摘要：A large psychology literature argues that, due to selective memory recall, decision-makers' forecasts of the future are overly influenced by the perceived news. We adopt the diagnostic expectations (DE) paradigm [Bordalo et al. (2018), Journal of Finance, 73, 199-227] to capture this feature of belief formation, develop a method to incorporate DE in business cycle models, and study the implications for aggregate dynamics. First, we address (1) the theoretical challenges associated with modelli...
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作者：Vidart, Daniela
作者单位：University of Connecticut
摘要：This paper revisits the link between electrification and the rise in female labour force participation (LFP), and presents theoretical and empirical evidence showing that electrification triggered a rise in female LFP by increasing market opportunities for skilled women. I formalize my theory in an overlapping generations model and find that my mechanism explains one quarter of the rise in female LFP during the rollout of electricity in the U.S. (1880-1940), and matches the slow decline in fem...
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作者：Ispano, Alessandro; Vida, Peter
作者单位：Universite Bourgogne Europe; CY Cergy Paris Universite; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Corvinus University Budapest; Corvinus University Budapest
摘要：We provide a model of interrogations with two-sided asymmetric information. The suspect knows his status as guilty or innocent and the likely strength of the law enforcer's evidence, which is informative about the suspect's status and may also disprove lies. We compare prosecution errors in the equilibrium of the one-shot interrogation and in the optimal mechanism under full commitment. We describe a back-and-forth interrogation with disclosure of the evidence that implements the optimum in eq...
