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作者：Marcos, Miguel Angel Talamas
作者单位：Inter-American Development Bank; Northwestern University
摘要：Hundreds of millions of microenterprises in emerging economies face increased competition from the entry and expansion of large firms that offer similar products. This paper examines the impacts of the opening of chain-run convenience stores on one of the world's most ubiquitous microenterprises: owner-operated shops. To address endogeneity in time and location of chains' opening, I pair two-way fixed effects with a novel instrument that shifts the profitability of chains but not of shops at t...
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作者：Bailey, Marthaj J.; Hoynes, Hilary; Rossin-Slater, Maya; Walker, Reed
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; Stanford University
摘要：We use novel, large-scale data on 17.5 million Americans to study how a policy-driven increase in economic resources affects children's long-term outcomes. Using the 2000 Census and 2001-13 American Community Survey linked to the Social Security Administration's NUMIDENT, we leverage the county-level rollout of the Food Stamps program between 1961 and 1975. We find that children with access to greater economic resources before age five have better outcomes as adults. The treatment-on-the-treat...
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作者：Couture, Victor; Gaubert, Cecile; Handbury, Jessie; Hurst, Erik
作者单位：University of British Columbia; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; University of Pennsylvania; University of Chicago
摘要：We explore the impact of rising incomes at the top of the distribution on spatial sorting patterns within large U.S. cities. We develop and quantify a spatial model of a city with heterogeneous agents and non-homothetic preferences for neighbourhoods with endogenous amenity quality. As the rich get richer, demand increases for the high-quality amenities available in downtown neighbourhoods. Rising demand drives up house prices and spurs the development of higher quality neighbourhoods downtown...
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作者：Alvarez, Fernando; Argente, David
作者单位：University of Chicago; Yale University
摘要：This paper estimates the consumer surplus from using alternative payment methods. We use evidence from Uber rides in Mexico, where riders have the option to use cash or cards to pay for rides. We design and conduct three large-scale field experiments, which involved approximately 400,000 riders. We also build a structural model which, disciplined by our new experimental data, allows us to estimate the loss of private benefits for riders when a ban on cash payments is implemented. We find that ...
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作者：Acemoglu, Daron; Ajzenman, Nicolas; Aksoy, Cevat Giray; Fiszbein, Martin; Molina, Carlos
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); McGill University; European Bank of Reconstructon & Development; University of London; King's College London; Boston University
摘要：Using large-scale survey data covering more than 110 countries and exploiting within-country variation across cohorts and surveys, we show that individuals with longer exposure to democracy display stronger support for democratic institutions, and that this effect is almost entirely driven by exposure to democracies with successful performance in terms of economic growth, control of corruption, peace and political stability, and public goods provision. Across a variety of specifications, estim...
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作者：Bertola, Giuseppe; Guiso, Luigi; Pistaferri, Luigi
作者单位：University of Turin; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; Stanford University; National Bureau of Economic Research
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作者：Banerjee, Abhijit; Breza, Emily; Chandrasekhar, Arun G.; Golub, Benjamin
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); National Bureau of Economic Research; Harvard University; Stanford University; Northwestern University
摘要：In disseminating information, policymakers face a choice between broadcasting to everyone and informing a small number of seeds who then spread the message. While broadcasting maximises the initial reach of messages, we offer theoretical and experimental evidence that it need not be the best strategy. In a field experiment during the 2016 Indian demonetisation, we delivered policy information, varying three dimensions of the delivery method at the village level: initial reach (broadcasting ver...
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作者：Cole, Harold L.; Krueger, Dirk; Mailath, George J.; Park, Yena
作者单位：University of Pennsylvania; National Bureau of Economic Research; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR); Australian National University; Seoul National University (SNU)
摘要：We analyse efficient risk-sharing arrangements when the value from deviating is determined endogenously by another risk-sharing arrangement. Coalitions form to insure against idiosyncratic income risk. Self-enforcing contracts for both the original coalition and any coalition formed (joined) after deviations rely on a belief in future cooperation which we term trust. We treat the contracting conditions of original and deviation coalitions symmetrically and show that higher trust tightens incen...
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作者：Bhattacharya, Debopam; Dupas, Pascaline; Kanaya, Shin
作者单位：University of Cambridge; Stanford University; University of Essex; Kyoto University
摘要：Many real-life settings of individual choice involve social interactions, causing targeted policies to have spillover effects. This article develops novel empirical tools for analysing demand and welfare effects of policy interventions in binary choice settings with social interactions. Examples include subsidies for health-product adoption and vouchers for attending a high-achieving school. We show that even with fully parametric specifications and unique equilibrium, choice data, that are su...
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作者：Ghili, Soheil; Handel, Ben; Hendel, Igal; Whinston, Michael D.
作者单位：Yale University; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; Northwestern University; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
摘要：Reclassification risk is a major concern in health insurance where contracts are typically 1 year in length but health shocks often persist for much longer. While most health systems with private insurers pair short-run contracts with substantial pricing regulations to reduce reclassification risk, long-term contracts with one-sided insurer commitment have significant potential to reduce reclassification risk without the negative side effects of price regulation, such as adverse selection. We ...
