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作者：Field, Erica; Robles, Omar; Torero, Maximo
作者单位：Harvard University; CGIAR; International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)
摘要：Cognitive damage from iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) has important implications for economic growth through its effect on human capital. To gauge the magnitude of this influence, we evaluate the impact on schooling of reductions in IDD from intensive iodine supplementation in Tanzania. Our findings suggest a large effect of in utero iodine on cognition and human capital: treated children attain an estimated 0.35-0.56 years of additional schooling relative to siblings and older and younger p...
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作者：Olken, Benjamin A.
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
摘要：This paper investigates the impact of television and radio on social capital in Indonesia. I use two sources of variation in signal reception one based on Indonesia's mountainous terrain, and a second based on the differential introduction of private television throughout Indonesia. I find that increased signal reception, which leads to more time watching television and listening to the radio, is associated with less participation in social organizations and with lower self-reported trust. Imp...
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作者：Angrist, Joshua; Lang, Daniel; Oreopoulos, Philip
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); University of Toronto; University Health Network Toronto; University of British Columbia; University of Toronto
摘要：This paper reports on an experimental evaluation of strategies designed to improve academic performance among college freshmen. One treatment group was offered academic support services. Another was offered financial incentives for good grades. A third group combined both interventions. Service use was highest for women and for subjects in the combined group. The combined treatment also raised the grades and improved the academic standing of women. These differentials persisted through the end...
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作者：Abrevaya, Jason
作者单位：University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin
摘要：We offer evidence of gender selection within the United States. Analysis of comprehensive birth data shows unusually high boy-birth percentages after 1980 among later children (most notably third and fourth children) born to Chinese and Asian Indian mothers. Based upon linked data from California, Asian Indian mothers are found to be significantly more likely to have a terminated pregnancy and to give birth to a boy when they have previously only given birth to girls. The observed boy-birth pe...
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作者：Jacob, Brian A.; Lefgren, Lars
作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; Brigham Young University
摘要：Low-achieving students in many school districts are retained in a grade to allow them to gain the academic or social skills that teachers believe are necessary to succeed academically. In this paper, we use plausibly exogenous variation in retention generated by a test-based promotion policy to assess the causal impact of grade retention on high school completion. We find that retention among younger students does not affect the likelihood of high school completion, but that retaining low-achi...
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作者：Heffetz, Ori; Shayo, Moses
作者单位：Cornell University; Hebrew University of Jerusalem
摘要：Elementary consumer theory assumes prices affect demand only because they affect the budget constraint (BC). Alternative models, and some evidence, suggest prices can affect demand through other, non-BC channels (e.g., by signaling quality). This paper uses a lab and a field experiment to disentangle BC from non-BC effects of prices on demand. In the lab, we find that although prices positively affect stated willingness to pay, non-BC price elasticities are considerably smaller than BC price e...
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作者：Gerber, Alan S.; Karlan, Dean; Bergan, Daniel
作者单位：Yale University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Yale University; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Michigan State University
摘要：We conducted a field experiment to measure the effect of exposure to newspapers on political behavior and opinion. Before the 2005 Virginia gubernatorial election, we randomly assigned individuals to a Washington Post free subscription treatment, a Washington Times free subscription treatment, or a control treatment. We find no effect of either paper on political knowledge, stated opinions, or turnout in post-election survey and voter data. However, receiving either paper led to more support f...
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作者：Jackson, Kirabo; Bruegmann, Elias
作者单位：Cornell University; United States Department of Labor; Cornerstone Research
摘要：Using longitudinal elementary school teacher and student data, we document that students have larger test score gains when their teachers experience improvements in the observable characteristics of their colleagues. Using within-school and within-teacher variation, we show that a teacher's students have larger achievement gains in math and reading when she has more effective colleagues (based on estimated value-added from an out-of-sample pre-period). Spillovers are strongest for less experie...
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作者：Peri, Giovanni; Sparber, Chad
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Davis; Colgate University
摘要：Large inflows of less educated immigrants may reduce wages paid to comparably-educated, native-horn workers. However, if less educated foreign- and native-born workers specialize in different production tasks, because of different abilities, immigration will cause natives to reallocate their task supply, thereby reducing downward wage pressure. Using occupational task-intensity data from the O*NET dataset and individual US census data, we demonstrate that foreign-born workers specialize in occ...
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作者：Lafontaine, Francine; Sivadasan, Jagadeesh
作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan
摘要：We exploit a unique outlet-level dataset from a multinational chain with over 2,500 outlets in 43 countries to investigate the effects of labor regulations that protect employment. The dataset contains information on output, materials, and labor costs at a weekly frequency over several years, allowing us to examine the consequences of labor market rigidity at a much more detailed level than has been possible to date. We find that higher labor market rigidity is associated with significantly hi...
