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作者：Dupas, Pascaline
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Los Angeles
摘要：We use a randomized experiment to test whether and what information changes teenagers' sexual behavior in Kenya. Providing information on the relative risk of HIV infection by partner's age led to a 28 percent decrease in teen pregnancy, an objective proxy for the incidence of unprotected sex. Self-reported sexual behavior data suggests substitution away from older (riskier) partners and toward same-age partners. In contrast, the official abstinence-only HIV curriculum had no impact on teen pr...
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作者：Anderson, Michael L.; Matsa, David A.
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; Northwestern University
摘要：While many researchers and policymakers infer from correlations between eating out and body weight that restaurants are a leading cause of obesity, a basic identification problem challenges these conclusions. We exploit the placement of Interstate Highways in rural areas to obtain exogenous variation in the effective price of restaurants and examine the impact on body mass. We find no causal link between restaurant consumption and obesity. Analysis of food-intake micro-data suggests that consu...
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作者：Currie, Janet; Walker, Reed
作者单位：Columbia University
摘要：We exploit the introduction of electronic toll collection, (E-ZPass), which greatly reduced both traffic congestion and vehicle emissions near highway toll plazas. We show that the introduction of E-ZPass reduced prematurity and low birth weight among mothers within 2 kilometers (km) of a toll plaza by 10.8 percent and 11.8 percent, respectively, relative to mothers 2-10 km from a toll plaza. There were no immediate changes in the characteristics of mothers or in housing prices near toll plaza...
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作者：Jacobson, Mireille; Royer, Heather
作者单位：RAND Corporation; Rand Health; University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Between 1973 and 2003, abortion providers in the United States were the targets of over 300 acts of extreme violence. Using unique data on attacks and on abortions, abortion providers, and births, we examine how anti-abortion violence has affected providers' decisions to perform abortions and women's decisions about whether and where to terminate a pregnancy. We find that clinic violence reduces abortion services in targeted areas. Once travel is taken into account, however, the overall effect...
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作者：Levitt, Steven D.; List, John A.
作者单位：University of Chicago; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：The Hawthorne effect draws its name from a landmark set of studies conducted at the Hawthorne plant in the 1920s. The data from the first and most influential of these studies, the Illumination Experiment, were never formally analyzed and were thought to have been destroyed. Our research has uncovered these data. Existing descriptions of supposedly remarkable data patterns prove to be entirely fictional. We do find more subtle manifestations of possible Hawthorne effects. We also propose a new...
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作者：Robinson, Jonathan; Yeh, Ethan
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Santa Cruz; The World Bank
摘要：Though formal and informal sex work has long been identified as crucial for the spread of HIV/AIDS, the nature of the sex-for-money inarket remains poorly understood. Using a unique panel dataset constructed from 192 self-reported diaries, we find that women who engage in transactional sex substantially increase their supply of risky, better compensated sex to cope with unexpected health shocks, particularly the illness of another household member These behavioral responses entail significant ...
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作者：Anderson, Siwan
作者单位：University of British Columbia; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR)
摘要：We compare outcomes across two types of villages in rural India. Villages vary by which caste is dominant (owns the majority of land): either a low or high caste. The key finding is that income is substantially higher for low-caste households residing in villages dominated by a low caste. This seems to be due to a trade breakdown in irrigation water across caste groups. All else equal, lower caste water buyers have agricultural yields which are 45 percent higher if they reside in a village whe...
