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作者：Daysal, N. Meltem; Trandafir, Mircea; van Ewijk, Reyn
作者单位：University of Southern Denmark; IZA Institute Labor Economics; Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz; Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
摘要：Many developed countries have recently experienced sharp increases in home birth rates. This paper investigates the impact of home births on the health of low-risk newborns using data from the Netherlands, the only developed country where home births are widespread. To account for endogeneity in location of birth, we exploit the exogenous variation in distance from a mother's residence to the closest hospital. We find that giving birth in a hospital leads to substantial reductions in newborn m...
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作者：Hill, Andrew J.
作者单位：University of South Carolina System; University of South Carolina Columbia
摘要：This paper finds that a student's share of opposite gender school friends negatively affects high school GPA. It uses the gender composition of schoolmates in an individual's neighborhood as an instrument for the gender composition of an individual's self-reported friendship network. The effect occurs across all subjects for students older than 16, but only in mathematics and science for younger students. Additional results indicate effects may operate inside the classroom through difficulties...
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作者：Behaghel, Luc; Crepon, Bruno; Le Barbanchon, Thomas
作者单位：INRAE; Paris School of Economics; Institut Polytechnique de Paris; ENSAE Paris
摘要：We evaluate an experimental program in which the French public employment service anonymized resumes for firms that were hiring. Firms were free to participate or not; participating firms were then randomly assigned to receive either anonymous resumes or name-bearing ones. We find that participating firms become less likely to interview and hire minority candidates when receiving anonymous resumes. We show how these unexpected results can be explained by the self-selection of firms into the pr...
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作者：Buser, Thomas
作者单位：University of Amsterdam
摘要：How does income affect religiousness? Using self-collected survey data, we estimate the effects of income on religious behavior. As a source of exogenous income variation we use a change in the eligibility criteria for a government cash transfer in Ecuador and apply a regression discontinuity strategy to estimate causal effects. We find significant effects of income on religiousness. Families that earn more go to church more often. Families that earn more are also more likely to be members of ...
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作者：Eizenberg, Alon; Salvo, Alberto
作者单位：Hebrew University of Jerusalem; National University of Singapore
摘要：The emerging middle class is a force of economic importance in many consumer markets around the globe. A striking phenomenon in some of these markets is the growth of generic, low-price brands. This paper examines these phenomena in Brazil's large soft drink market. Our study draws on data sources that capture both social mobility and market outcomes. Our analysis suggests that the emergence of a price-sensitive, new middle class aided the staggering growth of a fringe of generic producers. Ou...
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作者：Marshall, Guillermo
作者单位：University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
摘要：This paper studies a market where soda is sold in both refillable and nonrefillable bottles. Purchasing refillables is inconvenient but cheaper. Using a discrete choice model, I find that price-sensitive customers put less weight on the inconveniences of purchasing refillables. This implies that a retailer can target lower prices to price-sensitive customers using the refillable segment. I evaluate the overall welfare consequences of this market segmentation and find that both customer welfare...
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作者：Royer, Heather; Stehr, Mark; Sydnor, Justin
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara; Drexel University; University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison
摘要：Financial incentives have shown strong positive short-run effects for problematic health behaviors that likely stem from time inconsistency. However, the effects often disappear once incentive programs end. This paper analyzes the results of a large-scale workplace field experiment to examine whether self-funded commitment contracts can improve the long-run effects of an incentive program. A four-week incentive program targeting use of the company gym generated only small lasting effects on be...
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作者：Leonardi, Marco
作者单位：University of Milan
摘要：Using Consumer Expenditure Survey data this paper shows that more educated workers demand more high-skill-intensive services and, to a lesser extent, more very low-skill-intensive services (such as personal services). Additional evidence at the Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) level shows that this education elasticity of demand mechanism can explain part of the correlation between the share of college-educated workers in a city and the employment share of service industries. The parametriz...
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作者：Jensenius, Francesca Refsum
摘要：This paper estimates the constituency-level development effects of quotas for the Scheduled Castes (SCs) in India, using a unique dataset of development indicators for more than 3,100 state assembly constituencies in 15 Indian states in 1971 and 2001. Matching constituencies on pretreatment variables from 1971, I find that 30 years of quotas had no detectable constituency-level effect on overall development or redistribution to SCs. Interviews with politicians and civil servants in 2010 and 20...
