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作者：Almond, Douglas; Doyle, Joseph J., Jr.
作者单位：Columbia University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Columbia University; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); National Bureau of Economic Research; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
摘要：Estimates of moral hazard in health insurance markets can be confounded by adverse selection. This paper considers a plausibly exogenous source of variation in insurance coverage for childbirth in California. We find that additional health insurance coverage induces substantial extensions in length of hospital stay for mother and newborn. However, remaining in the hospital longer has no effect on readmissions or mortality, and the estimates are precise. Our results suggest that for uncomplicat...
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作者：Carrell, Scott E.; Maghakian, Teny; West, James E.
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Davis; National Bureau of Economic Research; United States Department of Defense; United States Air Force; United States Air Force Academy
摘要：Recent sleep research finds that many adolescents are sleep-deprived because of both early school start times and changing sleep patterns during the teen years. This study identifies the causal effect of school start time on academic achievement by using two policy changes in the daily schedule at the US Air Force Academy along with the randomized placement of freshman students to courses and instructors. Results show that starting the school day 50 minutes later has a significant positive eff...
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作者：Carpenter, Christopher; Postolek, Sabina; Warman, Casey
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Irvine; Queens University - Canada
摘要：Public-place smoking restrictions are the most important non-price tobacco control measures worldwide, yet surprisingly little is known about their effects on exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS). We study these laws in Canada using data with questions about respondents' ETS exposure in public and private places. In fixed effects models we find these laws had no effects on smoking but induced large and statistically significant reductions in public-place ETS exposure, especially in ba...
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作者：Gagliarducci, Stefano; Nannicini, Tommaso; Naticchioni, Paolo
作者单位：University of Rome Tor Vergata; Bocconi University; University of Cassino
摘要：Theory predicts that the majoritarian electoral system should produce more targeted redistribution and lower rents than proportional representation. We test these predictions using data on the Italian House of Representatives, and address the nonrandom selection into different systems exploiting one feature of the two-tier elections between 1994-2001: candidates could run for both the majoritarian and proportional tier, but if they won in both they had to accept the majoritarian seat. Focusing...
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作者：Milligan, Kevin; Stabile, Mark
作者单位：University of British Columbia; University of Toronto; University of Toronto
摘要：We exploit changes in child benefits in Canada to study the impact of family income on child and family well-being. Using variation in child benefits across province, time, and family type, we study outcomes spanning test scores, mental health, physical health, and deprivation measures. The findings suggest that child benefit programs had significant positive effects on test scores, maternal health, and mental health, among other measures. We find strong and interesting differences in the effe...
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作者：Egger, Peter; Larch, Mario; Staub, Kevin E.; Winkelmann, Rainer
作者单位：Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich; University of Oxford; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; University of Bayreuth; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; University of Bayreuth; University of Zurich; University of Zurich
摘要：Structural new trade theory models have never been used to evaluate and quantify the role of preferential trade agreement (PTA) membership for trade in a way which is consistent with general equilibrium. Apart from filling this gap, the present paper aims at delivering an empirical model which takes into account both that PTA membership is endogenous and that the world matrix of bilateral trade flows contains numerous zero entries. These features are treated in an encompassing way by means of ...
