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作者：Ketel, Nadine; Leuven, Edwin; Oosterbeek, Hessel; van der Klaauw, Bas
作者单位：University of Gothenburg; University of Oslo; University of Amsterdam; Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
摘要：We exploit admission lotteries to estimate the returns to medical school in the Netherlands. Using data from up to 22 years after the lottery, we find that in every single year after graduation doctors earn at least 20 percent more than people who end up in their next-best occupation. Twenty-two years after the lottery the earnings difference is almost 50 percent. Only a small fraction of this difference can be attributed to differences in working hours and human capital investments. The retur...
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作者：Smith, Austin C.
作者单位：University System of Ohio; Miami University
摘要：Daylight Saving Time (DST) impacts over 1.5 billion people, yet many of its impacts on practicing populations remain uncertain. Exploiting the discrete nature of DST transitions and a 2007 policy change, I estimate the impact of DST on fatal automobile crashes. My results imply that from 2002-2011 the transition into DST caused over 30 deaths at a social cost of $275 million annually. Employing four tests to decompose the aggregate effect into an ambient light or sleep mechanism, I find that s...
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作者：Blattman, Christopher; Green, Eric P.; Jamison, Julian; Lehmann, M. Christian; Annan, Jeannie
作者单位：Columbia University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Duke University; The World Bank; Universidade de Brasilia
摘要：We show that extremely poor, war-affected women in northern Uganda have high returns to a package of $150 cash, five days of business skills training, and ongoing supervision. Sixteen months after grants, participants doubled their microenterprise ownership and incomes, mainly from petty trading. We also show these ultrapoor have too little social capital, but that group bonds, informal insurance, and cooperative activities could be induced and had positive returns. When the control group rece...
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作者：Foged, Mette; Peri, Giovanni
作者单位：University of Copenhagen; University of California System; University of California Davis
摘要：Using longitudinal data on the universe of workers in Denmark during the period 1991-2008, we track the labor market outcomes of low-skilled natives in response to an exogenous inflow of low-skilled immigrants. We innovate on previous identification strategies by considering immigrants distributed across municipalities by a refugee dispersal policy in place between 1986 and 1998. We find that an increase in the supply of refugee-country immigrants pushed less educated native workers (especiall...
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作者：Davis, Lucas; Hausman, Catherine
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan
摘要：Falling revenues and rising costs have put US nuclear plants in financial trouble, and some threaten to close. To understand the potential private and social consequences, we examine the abrupt closure of the San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station (SONGS) in 2012. Using a novel econometric approach, we show that the lost generation from SONGS was met largely by increased in-state natural gas generation. In the twelve months following the closure, natural gas generation costs increased by $350 m...
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作者：Einav, Liran; Finkelstein, Amy; Kluender, Raymond; Schrimpf, Paul
作者单位：Stanford University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); University of British Columbia
摘要：Big data and statistical techniques to score potential transactions have transformed insurance and credit markets. In this paper, we observe that these widely-used statistical scores summarize a much richer heterogeneity, and may be endogenous to the context in which they get applied. We demonstrate this point empirically using data from Medicare Part D, showing that risk scores confound underlying health and endogenous spending response to insurance. We then illustrate theoretically that when...
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作者：Groeger, Andre; Zylberberg, Yanos
作者单位：Goethe University Frankfurt; University of Bristol
摘要：We analyze how internal labor migration facilitates shock coping in rural economies. Employing high-precision satellite data, we identify objective variations in the inundations generated by a catastrophic typhoon in Vietnam and match them with household panel data before and after the shock. We find that, following a massive drop in income, households cope mainly through labor migration to urban areas. Households with settled migrants ex ante receive more remittances. Nonmigrant households re...
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作者：Axbard, Sebastian
作者单位：Uppsala University
摘要：The effect of climatic variation on conflict and crime is well established, but less is known about the mechanism through which this effect operates. This study contributes to the literature by exploiting a new source of exogenous variation in climate to study the effect of fishermen's income opportunities on sea piracy. Using satellite data to construct a monthly measure of local fishing conditions it is found that better income opportunities reduce piracy. A wide range of approaches are empl...
