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作者：Kahn, Matthew E.; Li, Pei; Zhao, Daxuan
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; National Bureau of Economic Research; National University of Singapore; Agency for Science Technology & Research (A*STAR); A*STAR - Institute of High Performance Computing (IHPC); National University of Singapore
摘要：At political boundaries, local leaders have weak incentives to reduce polluting activity because the social costs are borne by downstream neighbors. This paper exploits a natural experiment set in China in which the central government changed the local political promotion criteria and thus incentivized local officials to reduce border pollution along specific criteria. We document evidence of pollution progress with respect to targeted criteria at province boundaries. Heavy metal pollutants, n...
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作者：Currie, Janet; Tekin, Erdal
作者单位：Princeton University; American University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We investigate the relationship between foreclosures and hospital visits using data on all foreclosures and all hospital and emergency room visits from four states that were among the hardest hit by the foreclosure crisis. We find that living in a neighborhood with a spike in foreclosures is associated with significant increases in urgent unscheduled visits, including increases in visits for preventable conditions. The estimated relationships cannot be accounted for by increasing unemployment,...
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作者：Hoopes, Jeffrey L.; Reck, Daniel H.; Slemrod, Joel
作者单位：University System of Ohio; Ohio State University; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan
摘要：We examine data on capital-gains-tax-related information search to determine when and how taxpayers acquire information. We find seasonal increases in information search around tax deadlines, suggesting that taxpayers seek information to comply with tax law. Positive correlations between stock market activity and search as well as year-end spikes in information search on capital losses when the market performs poorly suggest that taxpayers seek information for tax planning purposes. Policy cha...
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作者：Vegh, Carlos A.; Vuletin, Guillermo
作者单位：Johns Hopkins University; Brookings Institution
摘要：It is well known by now that government spending has typically been procyclical in developing economies but acyclical or countercyclical in industrial countries. Little, if any, is known, however, about the cyclical behavior of tax rates (as opposed to tax revenues, which are endogenous to the business cycle and, hence, cannot shed light on the cyclicality of tax policy). We build a novel dataset on tax rates for 62 countries for the period 1960-2013 that comprises corporate income, personal i...
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作者：Ito, Koichiro
作者单位：University of Chicago
摘要：Many countries use substantial public funds to subsidize reductions in negative externalities. Such policy designs create asymmetric incentives because increases in externalities remain unpriced. I investigate the implications of such policies by using a regression discontinuity design in California's electricity rebate program. Using household-level panel data, I find that the incentive produced precisely estimated zero treatment effects on energy conservation in coastal areas. In contrast, t...
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作者：Hoynes, Hilary; Miller, Doug; Simon, David
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of California System; University of California Davis; University of Connecticut
摘要：This paper uses quasi-experimental variation from federal tax reform to evaluate the effect of the EITC on infant health outcomes. We find that the EITC reduces the incidence of low birth weight and increases mean birth weight: a $1,000 treatment-on-the-treated leads to a 2 to 3 percent decline in low birth weight. Our results suggest that the candidate mechanisms include more prenatal care and less negative health behaviors (smoking). Additionally, we find a shift from public to private insur...
