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作者：Barone, Guglielmo; D'Acunto, Francesco; Narciso, Gaia
作者单位：European Central Bank; Bank of Italy; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; Trinity College Dublin
摘要：We consider the long-lived slant towards Berlusconi in political information on Italian television (TV). We exploit a shock to the slanted exposure of viewers: idiosyncratic deadlines to switch to digital TV from 2008 to 2012, which increased the number of freeview channels tenfold. The switch caused a drop in the vote share of Berlusconi's coalition by between 5.5 and 7.5 percentage points. The effect was stronger in towns with older and less educated voters. At least 20 percent of digital us...
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作者：Benhassine, Najy; Devoto, Florencia; Duflo, Esther; Dupas, Pascaline; Pouliquen, Victor
作者单位：The World Bank; Paris School of Economics; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Conditional Cash Transfers (CCTs) have been shown to increase human capital investments, but their standard features make them expensive. We use a large randomized experiment in Morocco to estimate an alternative government-run program, a labeled cash transfer (LCT): a small cash transfer made to fathers of school-aged children in poor rural communities, not conditional on school attendance but explicitly labeled as an education support program. We document large gains in school participation....
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作者：Eriksen, Michael D.; Ross, Amanda
作者单位：University System of Ohio; University of Cincinnati; West Virginia University
摘要：We estimate the effect of increasing the supply of housing vouchers on rents using a panel of housing units in the American Housing Survey. We do not find that an increase in vouchers affected the overall price of rental housing but do estimate differences in effects based on an individual unit's rent before the voucher expansion. Our results are consistent with voucher recipients renting more expensive units after receiving the subsidy. We also find that the largest price increases were for u...
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作者：Briant, Anthony; Lafourcade, Miren; Schmutz, Benoit
作者单位：Paris School of Economics; Howard University
摘要：This paper shows that urban geography matters to the effectiveness of place-based policies, using the French enterprise zone program as a case study. Whereas this program created more jobs in spatially integrated neighborhoods, its impact on local wages was only visible in the more isolated ones. In addition, a focus on the average impact of the program would lead to the conclusion that it mostly succeeded in displacing preexisting firms, but a lower level of spatial isolation was a clear dete...
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作者：Novan, Kevin
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Davis
摘要：Exploiting variation in the hourly production from wind turbines, this paper quantifies the heterogeneity in the marginal impact of renewable electricity on pollution. The results reveal that output from competing renewable capacity additions-e.g., wind turbines versus solar panels-provide different marginal external benefits. This finding suggests that, if governments continue to subsidize renewables, an emphasis should be placed on designing policies that internalize the heterogeneous benefi...
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作者：Huck, Steffen; Rasul, Imran; Shephard, Andrew
作者单位：University of London; University College London; University of Pennsylvania
摘要：We present evidence from a natural field experiment and structural model to shed light on the efficacy of alternative fundraising schemes. In conjunction with the Bavarian State Opera, we mailed 25,000 opera attendees a letter describing a charitable fundraising project organized by the opera house. Recipients were randomly assigned to treatments designed to explore responses to fundraising schemes varying in: the presence of a lead donor; and how individual donations would be matched using th...
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作者：Lewis, Matthew S.; Pflum, Kevin E.
作者单位：Clemson University; University of Alabama System; University of Alabama Tuscaloosa
摘要：We investigate the impact of hospital system membership on negotiations between hospitals and managed care organizations (MCOs). Previous research finds that system hospitals secure higher reimbursements by exploiting local market concentration. By leveraging system membership in the bargaining game, however, system hospitals may also extract a higher percentage of their value to an MCO. Our findings reveal that more of the observed price gap between system and nonsystem hospitals can be attri...
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作者：Rohlfs, Chris; Sullivan, Ryan; Kniesner, Thomas
作者单位：Morgan Stanley; United States Department of Defense; United States Navy; Naval Postgraduate School; Claremont Colleges; Claremont Graduate University
摘要：Due to federal regulations, automobile air bag availability was a model-specific discontinuous function of model year for used vehicles in the 1990s and early 2000s. We use the discontinuities and the gradual increase in the supply of air bags to trace out the demand curve for air bags and the implied distribution of the Value of a Statistical Life (VSL) across consumers. Although imprecise, our preferred point estimates indicate that the median VSL is between $9 million and $11 million and th...
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作者：James, Alexander
作者单位：University of Alaska System; University of Alaska Anchorage
摘要：An analytical framework predicts that, in response to an exogenous increase in resource-based government revenue, a benevolent government will partially substitute away from taxing income, increase spending and save. Fifty-one years of US-state level data are largely consistent with this theory. A baseline fixed effects model predicts that a $1.00 increase in resource revenue results in a $0.25 decrease in nonresource revenue, a $0.43 increase in spending and a $0.32 increase in savings. Instr...
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作者：LaLumia, Sara; Sallee, James M.; Turner, Nicholas
作者单位：Williams College; University of Chicago; National Bureau of Economic Research; United States Department of the Treasury
摘要：This paper uses data from the universe of tax returns filed between 2001 and 2010 to test whether parents shift the timing of childbirth around the New Year to gain tax benefits. Filers have an incentive to shift births from early January into late December, through induction or cesarean delivery, because child-related tax benefits are not prorated. We find evidence of a positive, but very small, effect of tax incentives on birth timing. An additional $1,000 of tax benefits increases the proba...
