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作者：Loyalka, Prashant; Popova, Anna; Li, Guirong; Shi, Zhaolei
作者单位：Stanford University; Stanford University; Henan University; Stanford University
摘要：Despite massive investments in teacher professional development (PD) programs in developing countries, there is little evidence on their effectiveness. We present results of a large-scale, randomized evaluation of a national PD program in China in which teachers were randomized to receive PD; PD plus follow-up; PD plus evaluation of the command of PD content; or no PD. Precise estimates indicate PD and associated interventions failed to improve teacher and student outcomes after one year. A de...
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作者：Buser, Thomas; Yuan, Huaiping
作者单位：University of Amsterdam; Tinbergen Institute
摘要：We use lab experiments and field data from the Dutch Math Olympiad to show that women are more likely than men to stop competing if they lose. In a math competition in the lab, women are much less likely than men to choose competition again after losing in the first round. In the Math Olympiad, girls, but not boys, who fail to make the second round are less likely to compete again one year later. This gender difference in the reaction to competition outcomes may help to explain why fewer women...
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作者：Autor, David; Figlio, David; Karbownik, Krzysztof; Roth, Jeffrey; Wasserman, Melanie
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); National Bureau of Economic Research; Northwestern University; Emory University; State University System of Florida; University of Florida; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles
摘要：Boys born to disadvantaged families have higher rates of disciplinary problems, lower achievement scores, and fewer high school completions than girls from comparable backgrounds. Using birth certificates matched to schooling records for Florida children born 1992-2002, we find that family disadvantage disproportionately impedes the pre-market development of boys. The differential effect of family disadvantage on boys is robust to specifications within schools and neighborhoods as well as acro...
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作者：Weiss, Michael J.; Ratledge, Alyssa; Sommo, Colleen; Gupta, Himani
摘要：Nationwide, graduation rates at community colleges are discouragingly low This randomized experiment provides evidence that graduation rates can be increased dramatically. The City University of New York's (CUNY) Accelerated Study in Associate Programs (ASAP) is a comprehensive, integrated, 3-year program that has an estimated 18 percentage point effect on 3-year graduation rates, increases 6-year graduation rates by an estimated 10 percentage points, and helps students graduate more quickly. ...
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作者：Park, Sangyoon
作者单位：University of Hong Kong
摘要：Through a field experiment at a seafood-processing plant, I examine how working alongside friends affects employee productivity and how this effect is heterogeneous with respect to an employee's personality. This paper presents two main findings. First, worker productivity declines when a friend is close enough to socialize with. Second, workers who are higher on the conscientiousness scale show smaller productivity declines when working alongside a friend. Estimates suggest that a median work...
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作者：Dee, Thomas S.; Dobbie, Will; Jacob, Brian A.; Rockoff, Jonah
作者单位：Stanford University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Princeton University; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; Columbia University
摘要：We show that the design and decentralized scoring of New York's high school exit exams-the Regents Examinations-led to systematic manipulation of test scores just below important proficiency cutoffs. Exploiting a series of reforms that eliminated score manipulation, we find heterogeneous effects of test score manipulation on academic outcomes. While inflating a score increases the probability of a student graduating from high school by about 17 percentage points, the probability of taking adva...
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作者：Campante, Filipe R.; Quoc-Anh Do; Guimaraes, Bernardo
作者单位：Johns Hopkins University; Johns Hopkins University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Institut d'Etudes Politiques Paris (Sciences Po); Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
摘要：We investigate the links between capital cities, conflict, and the quality of governance, starting from the assumption that incumbent elites are constrained by the threat of insurrection, and that the latter is rendered less effective by distance from the seat of political power. We show evidence that (i) conflict is more likely to emerge (and dislodge incumbents) closer to the capital, and (ii) isolated capitals are associated with misgovernance. The results hold only for relatively nondemocr...
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作者：Denning, Jeffrey T.; Marx, Benjamin M.; Turner, Lesley J.
作者单位：Brigham Young University; IZA Institute Labor Economics; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; National Bureau of Economic Research; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut
摘要：We estimate effects of the Pell Grant-the largest US federal grant for college students-using administrative data from Texas public colleges and a discontinuity in grant generosity for low-income students. Within four-year institutions, eligibility for additional grant aid significantly increases first-time students' degree completion and later earnings. Our estimated impacts on earnings alone are enough to fully recoup government expenditures within 10 years, suggesting that financial aid lik...
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作者：Celhay, Pablo A.; Gertler, Paul J.; Giovagnoli, Paula; Vermeersch, Christel
作者单位：Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; The World Bank; The World Bank
摘要：We show that costs of adjustment as opposed to low perceived value may explain why improved quality care practices diffuse slowly in the medical industry. Using a randomized field experiment conducted in Argentina, we find that temporary financial incentives paid to health clinics for the early initiation of prenatal care motivated providers to test and develop new strategies to locate and encourage pregnant women to seek care in the first trimester of pregnancy. These innovations raised the r...
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作者：Ang, Desmond
作者单位：Harvard University
摘要：In 2013, the Supreme Court struck down parts of the Voting Rights Act that mandated federal oversight of election laws in discriminatory jurisdictions, prompting a spate of controversial new voting rules. Utilizing difference-in-differences to examine the act's 1975 revision, I provide the first estimates of the effects of preclearance oversight. I find that preclearance increased long-run voter turnout by 4-8 percentage points, due to lasting gains in minority participation. Surprisingly, Dem...
