作者：Feng, Josh; Jaravel, Xavier
作者单位：National Bureau of Economic Research; Utah System of Higher Education; University of Utah; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：We show that examiner-driven variation in patent rights leads to quantitatively large impacts on several patent outcomes, including patent value, citations, and litigation. Notably, Patent Assertion Entities (PAEs) overwhelmingly purchase patents granted by lenient examiners. These examiners issue patents that are more likely to be litigated by both PAEs and conventional companies, and that also have higher invalidity rates. PAEs leverage a specific friction in the patent system that stems fro...
作者：Bandiera, Oriana; Buehren, Niklas; Burgess, Robin; Goldstein, Markus; Gulesci, Selim; Rasul, Imran; Sulaiman, Munshi
作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; The World Bank; Bocconi University; Bocconi University; University of London; University College London; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：We evaluate a multifaceted policy intervention attempting to jump-start adolescent women's empowerment in Uganda by simultaneously providing them vocational training and information on sex, reproduction, and marriage. We find that four years post-intervention, adolescent girls in treated communities are more likely to be self-employed. Teen pregnancy, early entry into marriage/cohabitation, and the share of girls reporting sex against their will fall sharply. The results highlight the potentia...
