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作者：Lindo, Jason M.; Packham, Analisa
作者单位：Texas A&M University System; Texas A&M University College Station; National Bureau of Economic Research; IZA Institute Labor Economics; University System of Ohio; Miami University
摘要：We estimate the degree to which expanding access to long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs) can reduce teen birth rates by analyzing Colorado's Family Planning Initiative, the first large-scale policy intervention to expand access to LARCs in the United States. Using a difference-in-differences approach, we find that the $23M program reduced the teen birth rate in counties with clinics receiving funding by 6.4 percent over 5 years. These effects were concentrated in the second through fi...
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作者：Levin, Laurence; Lewis, Matthew S.; Wolak, Frank A.
作者单位：Clemson University; Stanford University; Stanford University
摘要：Daily city-level expenditures and prices are used to estimate the price responsiveness of gasoline demand in the United States. Using a frequency of purchase model that explicitly acknowledges the distinction between gasoline demand and gasoline expenditures, the price elasticity of demand is consistently found to be an order of magnitude larger than estimates from recent studies using more aggregated data. Estimating demand using higher levels of spatial and temporal aggregation is shown to p...
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作者：Gallagher, Justin; Hartley, Daniel
作者单位：University System of Ohio; Case Western Reserve University; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Chicago
摘要：Little is known about how affected residents are able to cope with the financial shock of a natural disaster. This paper investigates the impact of flooding on household finance. Spikes in credit card borrowing and overall delinquency rates for the most flooded residents are modest in size and short-lived. Greater flooding results in larger reductions in total debt. Lower debt levels are driven by homeowners using flood insurance to repay their mortgages rather than to rebuild. Mortgage reduct...
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作者：Deryugina, Tatyana
作者单位：University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
摘要：Little is known about the fiscal costs of natural disasters, especially regarding social safety nets that do not specifically target extreme weather events. This paper shows that US hurricanes lead to substantial increases in non-disaster government transfers, such as unemployment insurance and public medical payments, in affected counties in the decade after a hurricane. The present value of this increase significantly exceeds that of direct disaster aid. This implies, among other things, tha...
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作者：McInerney, Melissa; Mellor, Jennifer M.; Sabik, Lindsay M.
作者单位：Tufts University; William & Mary; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); University of Pittsburgh
摘要：Do Medicaid expansions to working-age adults affect healthcare spending and utilization among older Medicare beneficiaries? Although economic theory provides conflicting predictions about the presence and direction of such spillover effects, it does identify circumstances when spillovers can reduce Medicare spending. Using data on Medicaid expansions during the 2000s and microdata from the Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey, we find that a 1 percentage point rise in the share of working-age a...
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作者：Besley, Timothy; Ghatak, Maitreesh
作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR)
摘要：When social benefits cannot be measured, an organization that selects managers based on pro-social motivation can be used to balance profits with a social purpose. This paper develops a model of social enterprise based on selection of citizen-managers to run firms with flexible missions. We analyze organizational choice between social enterprise, for-profits, and nonprofits. The paper also develops the implications of matching between founders and managers based on their preferences for the mi...
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作者：Coviello, Decio; Gagliarducci, Stefano
作者单位：Universite de Montreal; HEC Montreal; University of Rome Tor Vergata
摘要：We study the impact of politicians' tenure in office on the outcomes of public procurement using a dataset on Italian municipal governments. To identify a causal relation, we first compare elections where the incumbent mayor barely won or barely lost another term. We then use the introduction of a two-term limit, which granted one potential extra term to mayors appointed before the reform. The main result is that an increase in tenure is associated with worse procurement outcomes. Our estimate...
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作者：De Feo, Giuseppe; De Luca, Giacomo Davide
作者单位：University of Strathclyde; University of York - UK; KU Leuven
摘要：We study the impact of organized crime on electoral results, analyzing in detail the national parliamentary elections in Sicily for the period 1946-1992. We document the significant support given by the Sicilian mafia to the Christian Democratic Party when the electoral competition by the Communist Party strengthened. We also provide suggestive evidence that, in exchange for its electoral support, the mafia obtained economic advantages in the construction sector.
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作者：Cullen, Joseph A.; Mansur, Erin T.
作者单位：Washington University (WUSTL); Dartmouth College
摘要：This paper examines how carbon pricing would reduce emissions in the electricity sector. Both carbon prices and cheap natural gas reduce the historic cost advantage of coal plants. The shale revolution resulted in unprecedented variation in natural gas prices that we use to estimate the potential near-term effects of carbon prices. Estimates imply that a price of $20 ($70) per ton of CO2 would reduce emissions by 5 (10) percent. Carbon prices are most effective at reducing emissions when natur...
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作者：Gelber, Alexander; Moore, Timothy J.; Strand, Alexander
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; National Bureau of Economic Research; George Washington University; University of Melbourne
摘要：A crucial issue is whether social insurance affects work decisions through income or substitution effects. We examine this in the context of US Social Security Disability Insurance (DI), exploiting discontinuous changes in the benefit formula with a regression kink design to estimate the income effect of payments on earnings and employment. Using administrative data on all new DI beneficiaries from 2001 to 2007, our preferred estimate is that an increase in DI payments of $1 causes an average ...
