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作者：Colmer, Jonathan
作者单位：University of Virginia
摘要：To what degree can labor reallocation mitigate the economic consequences of weather-driven agricultural productivity shocks? I estimate that temperature-driven reductions in the demand for agricultural labor in India are associated with increases in nonagricultural employment. This suggests that the ability of nonagricultural sectors to absorb workers may play a key role in attenuating the economic consequences of agricultural productivity shocks. Exploiting firm-level variation in the propens...
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作者：Mohanan, Manoj; Donato, Katherine; Miller, Grant; Truskinovsky, Yulya; Vera-Hernandez, Marcos
作者单位：Duke University; Boston Consulting Group (BCG); Stanford University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Wayne State University; University of London; University College London
摘要：A central issue in designing incentive contracts is the decision to reward agents' input use versus outputs. The trade-off between risk and return to innovation in production can also lead agents with varying skill levels to perform differentially under different contracts. We study this issue experimentally, observing and verifying inputs and outputs in Indian maternity care. We find that both contract types achieve comparable reductions in postpartum hemorrhage rates, but payments for output...
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作者：Herrnstadt, Evan; Heyes, Anthony; Muehlegger, Erich; Saberian, Soodeh
作者单位：Congressional Budget Office; University of Ottawa; University of Exeter; University of California System; University of California Davis; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Manitoba
摘要：A growing literature documents that air pollution adversely impacts health, productivity, and cognition. This paper provides the first evidence of a causal link between air pollution and aggressive behavior, as documented by violent crime. Using the geolocation of crimes in Chicago from 2001-2012, we compare crime upwind and downwind of major highways on days when wind blows orthogonally to the road. Consistent with research linking pollution to aggression, we find that air pollution increases...
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作者：Xiong, Heyu
作者单位：University System of Ohio; Case Western Reserve University
摘要：This paper studies the electoral consequences of television stardom through the career of Ronald Reagan. I utilize quasi-experimental variation in television reception to estimate the causal effect of celebrity exposure on political support. I find that Reagan's tenure as the host of a 1950s entertainment television program translated into support for his candidacy, in terms of votes and political donations, nearly two decades after the show's first airing. Placebo checks suggest that this imp...
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作者：You, Wei
作者单位：Peking University
摘要：Small firms dominated the American economy in the nineteenth century, and they still dominate in many developing economies today. This paper tests whether geographic market segmentation due to underdeveloped intracity transportation technology precludes the emergence of large retail/wholesale stores. I exploit the natural experiment of Boston's rapid electrification from its previous horse-drawn streetcar system, which occurred between 1889 and 1896. Analyzing newly digitized data, I find that...
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作者：Zinovyeva, Natalia; Tverdostup, Maryna
作者单位：University of Warwick; Aalto University; University of Innsbruck; University of Tartu
摘要：Bertrand, Kamenica, and Pan (2015) document that in the United States there is a discontinuity to the right of 0.5 in the distribution of households according to the female share of total earnings, which they attribute to the existence of a gender identity norm. We provide an alternative explanation for this discontinuity. Using linked employer-employee data from Finland, we show that the discontinuity emerges as a result of equalization and convergence of earnings in coworking couples, and it...
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作者：Bertrand, Marianne; Crepon, Bruno
作者单位：University of Chicago; Institut Polytechnique de Paris; ENSAE Paris
摘要：We assess whether imperfect knowledge of labor regulation hinders job creation at small and medium-sized firms. We partner with a labor law expert organization that provides information about labor regulation via newsletters and access to a specialized website. We randomly assign 1,800 firms to get access to this service for a 21-week period. Six months later, the average employment level at treatment firms was 12 percent higher than at control firms. The intervention decreased the perception ...
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作者：Gelber, Alexander M.; Jones, Damon; Sacks, Daniel W.; Song, Jae
作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Diego; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Chicago; Indiana University System; Indiana University Bloomington; IU Kelley School of Business
摘要：We estimate the impact of the Social Security Annual Earnings Test (AET) on older workers' employment. The AET reduces social security claimants' current benefits in proportion to their earnings in excess of an exempt amount. Using a regression kink design and Social Security Administration data, we document that the discontinuous change in the benefit reduction rate at the exempt amount causes a corresponding change in the slope of the employment rate, suggesting that the extensive margin of ...
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作者：Anker, Anne Sofie Tegner; Doleac, Jennifer L.; Landerso, Rasmus
作者单位：University of Copenhagen; Texas A&M University System; Texas A&M University College Station; Aarhus University
摘要：This paper studies the effects of adding criminal offenders to a DNA database. Using a large expansion of Denmark's DNA database, we find that DNA registration reduces recidivism within the following year by up to 42 percent. It also increases the probability that offenders are identified if they recidivate, which we use to estimate the elasticity of crime with respect to the detection probability and find that a 1 percent higher detection probability reduces crime by more than 2 percent. We a...
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作者：Baland, Jean-Marie; Cassan, Guilhem; Decerf, Benoit
作者单位：University of Namur
摘要：Most measures of deprivation concentrate on deprivation among the living population and, thus, ignore premature mortality. This omission leads to a severe bias in the evaluation of deprivation. We propose two different measures that combine information on poverty and premature mortality of a population. These measures are consistent and satisfy a number of desirable properties unmet by all other measures combining early mortality and poverty. Moreover, one measure is readily computable with av...
