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作者：Milligan, Kevin; Smart, Michael
作者单位：University of British Columbia; University of Toronto
摘要：We develop a theory of cross-border income shifting in response to subnational personal taxation in a federation and examine its implications for the excess burden of personal taxes. We show how a properly chosen federal tax rate can offset the fiscal externality between states and facilitate decentralization, even in a heterogeneous federation where unitary taxation is suboptimal. Optimal taxes depend on the elasticities of national tax avoidance and of cross-state tax base shifting). We esti...
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作者：Huet-Vaughn, Emiliano
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Los Angeles
摘要：This paper estimates the impact of public good spending on voting behavior in the United States, using a quasi-experimental design and the distribution of American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) road projects in New Jersey. I find an approximate 1.5 percentage point increase in Democratic Party presidential vote share in areas close to highway and bridge expenditures. I consider two alternative mechanisms: one, a salience mechanism whereby spending and associated funded-by signage affect...
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作者：Knight, Brian; Schiff, Nathan
作者单位：Brown University; Shanghai University of Finance & Economics
摘要：Public universities typically charge MUM higher tuition to nonresidents. We first investigate the welfare implications of this tuition gap in a simple model. While the social planner does not distinguish between residents and nonresidents, state governments set higher tuition for nonresidents. The welfare gains from reducing the tuition gap can be characterized by a sufficient statistic relating out-of-state enrollment to the tuition gap. We estimate this sufficient statistic via a border disc...
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作者：Bettinger, Eric; Gurantz, Oded; Kawano, Laura; Sacerdote, Bruce; Stevens, Michael
作者单位：Stanford University; University of Missouri System; University of Missouri Columbia; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; Dartmouth College; United States Department of the Treasury
摘要：We examine the long-term impacts of California's state-based financial aid by tracking educational and labor force outcomes for up to 14 years after high school graduation. We identify program impacts by exploiting variation in eligibility rules using GPA and family income cutoffs that are ex ante unknown to applicants. Aid eligibility increases undergraduate and graduate degree completion, and for some subgroups, raises longer-run annual earnings and the likelihood that young adults reside in...
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作者：Lewis, Eric
摘要：The United States has a complex patchwork of mineral ownership, where rights to oil and gas may be owned by the federal government state governments, or private agents. I show why the policies imposed by one owner have theoretically ambiguous spillover effects on the drilling and production outcomes of neighboring plots of land. Exploiting a natural experiment in Wyoming with exogenous ownership assignment, I find significant spillovers: federal land close to state land has a lower probability...
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作者：Cutler, David; Skinner, Jonathan S.; Stern, Ariel Dora; Wennberg, David
作者单位：Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Dartmouth College; Dartmouth College; Harvard University; Harvard University; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Brigham & Women's Hospital; Harvard University; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health
摘要：There is considerable controversy about the causes of regional variations in health care expenditures. Using vignettes from patient and physician surveys linked to fee-for-service Medicare expenditures, this study asks whether patient demand-side factors or physician supply-side factors explain these variations. The results indicate that patient demand is relatively unimportant in explaining variations. Physician organizational factors matter, but the most important factor is physician beliefs...
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作者：Carpenter, Christopher S.; Lawler, Emily C.
作者单位：Vanderbilt University; University System of Georgia; University of Georgia
摘要：We study the direct and spillover effects of state requirements that middle school youths obtain 61 tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis (Tdap) booster prior to middle school entry. These mandates sigmficantly increased Tdap vaccine take-up and reduced pertussis (whooping cough) incidence by about 32 percent. We also document cross-vaccine spillovers: the mandates significantly increased adolescent vaccination rates for meningococcal disease and human papillomavirus (IIPV) which is responsible f...
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作者：Allcott, Hunt; Knittel, Christopher
作者单位：New York University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
摘要：It is often asserted that consumers are poorly informed about and inattentive to fuel economy, causing them to buy low-fuel economy vehicles despite their own best interest. This paper presents evidence on this assertion through two experiments providing fuel economy information to new vehicle shoppers. Results show zero statistical or economic effect on average fuel economy of vehicles purchased. In the context of a simple optimal policy model, the estimates suggest that current and proposed ...
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作者：Benzarti, Youssef; Carloni, Dorian
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara; Congressional Budget Office
摘要：This paper evaluates the incidence of a large cut in value-added taxes (VATs) (for French sit-down restaurants in 2009. In contrast to previous studies, which. only focus on the price effects of VAT reforms, we estimate the effects of the VAT cut on four groups: workers, firm owners, consumers, and suppliers of material goods. Using a difference-in-differences strategy on firm-level data, we find that: firm owners pocketed more than 55 percent of the VAT cut; consumers, sellers of material goo...
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作者：Cohen, Alma; Yang, Crystal S.
作者单位：Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR); Harvard University
摘要：This paper investigates whether judge political affiliation contributes to racial and gender disparities in sentencing using data on over 500,000 federal defendants linked to sentencing judge. Exploiting random case assignment, we find that Republican-appointed judges sentence black defendants to 3.0 more months than similar nonblacks and female defendants to 2.0 fewer months than similar males compared to Democratic-appointed judges, 65 percent of the baseline racial sentence gap and 17 perce...
