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作者：Kovalenko, Alina
作者单位：University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; The Brattle Group
摘要：Using administrative panel data on the universe of Texas public school students, I analyze how shocks to local economic conditions affect education and employment decisions. I find that high school students at the bottom of the academic ability distribution worked and earned more in response to the fracking boom and that these earnings gains persisted through ages 24-25 despite the fact that the same students also became less likely to attend classes and graduate from high school. My results s...
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作者：Berkes, Enrico; Gaetani, Ruben
作者单位：University System of Ohio; Ohio State University; University of Toronto
摘要：We analyze the effect of an increase in knowledge-intensive activi-ties on spatial inequality in US cities. We leverage a predetermined network of patent citations to instrument for local innovation trends. Between 1990 and 2010, a one-standard-deviation increase in pat-ent growth increases income segregation by 0.65 Gini points, cor-responding to 0.31 standard deviations of the over-time change in income segregation. This effect mainly arises from the sorting of res-idents by income, occupati...
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作者：Assuncao, Juliano; Gandour, Clarissa; Rocha, Romero
作者单位：Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio de Janeiro; Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio de Janeiro; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro
摘要：We study Brazil's recent use of satellite technology to overcome law enforcement shortcomings resulting from weak institutional envi-ronments. DETER is a system that processes satellite imagery and issues near-real-time deforestation alerts to target environmental enforcement in the Amazon. We propose a novel instrumental vari-able approach for estimating enforcement's impact on deforesta-tion. Clouds limiting DETER's capacity to detect clearings serve as a source of exogenous variation for th...
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作者：Baker, Michael; Halberstam, Yosh; Kroft, Kory; Mas, Alexandre; Messacar, Derek
作者单位：University of Toronto; National Bureau of Economic Research; Princeton University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Memorial University Newfoundland; Statistics Canada; Memorial University Newfoundland
摘要：We examine the impact of public sector salary disclosure laws on university faculty salaries in Canada. The laws, which enable pub-lic access to the salaries of individual faculty if they exceed spec-ified thresholds, were introduced in different provinces at different times. Using detailed administrative data covering the majority of faculty in Canada, and an event-study research design that exploits within-province variation in exposure to the policy across institutions and academic departme...
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作者：Hardy, Morgan; Mccasland, Jamie
作者单位：University of British Columbia; New York University; New York University Abu Dhabi
摘要：We report the results of a field experiment that randomly placed unemployed young people as apprentices with small firms in Ghana and included no cash subsidy to firms (or workers) beyond in-kind recruitment services. Treated firms experienced increases in firm size of approximately half a worker and firm profits of approximately 10 percent for each apprentice placement offered, documenting frictions to novice hiring. We interpret the program as providing a novel worker screening technology to...
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作者：Zivin, Joshua Graff; Neidell, Matthew; Sanders, Nicholas J.; Singer, Gregor
作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Diego; Columbia University; Cornell University; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：Influenza and air pollution each pose significant health risks with global economic consequences. Their shared etiological pathways present a case of compounding health risk via interacting externali-ties. Using instrumental variables based on changing wind direction, we show that increased levels of contemporaneous pollution increase influenza hospitalizations. We exploit random variation in effective-ness of the influenza vaccine as an additional instrument to show that vaccine protection ne...
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作者：Brock, J. Michelle; De Haas, Ralph
作者单位：Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; European Bank of Reconstructon & Development; KU Leuven
摘要：We implement a lab-in-the-field experiment with 334 Turkish loan officers to document gender discrimination in small business lend-ing and unpack mechanisms. Officers review multiple real-life loan applications in which we randomize applicant gender. While uncon-ditional approval rates are the same, officers are 26 percent more likely to require a guarantor when we present the same application as coming from a female instead of a male entrepreneur. A causal forest algorithm to estimate heterog...
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作者：Brueckner, Jan K.; Kahn, Matthew E.; Lin, Gary C.
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Irvine; University of Southern California
摘要：This paper studies the impacts of work from home (WFH) in the housing market from both intercity and intracity perspectives. Our results confirm the theoretical prediction that WFH puts down-ward pressure on housing prices and rents in high-productivity counties, a result of workers starting to relocate to cheaper metro areas during the pandemic without forsaking their desirable jobs. We also show that WFH tends to flatten intracity house-price gradi-ents, weakening the price premium associate...
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作者：Caldwell, Sydnee; Nelson, Scott; Waldinger, Daniel; Kuziemko, Ilyana
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; University of Chicago; New York University
摘要：Transfers paid through annual tax refunds are a large but uncer-tain source of income for poor households. We document that low-income tax filers have substantial subjective uncertainty about these refunds. We investigate the determinants and consequences of refund uncertainty by linking survey, tax, and credit bureau data. On average, filers' expectations track realized refunds. More uncer-tain filers have larger differences between expected and realized refunds. Filers borrow in anticipation...
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作者：Anelli, Massimo; Basso, Gaetano; Ippedico, Giuseppe; Peri, Giovanni
作者单位：Bocconi University; European Central Bank; Bank of Italy; University of California System; University of California Davis; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Emigration of young, highly educated individuals may deprive ori-gin countries of entrepreneurs. We identify exogenous variation in emigration from Italy by interacting past diaspora networks and current economic pull factors in destination countries. We find that a 1 standard deviation increase in the emigration rate generates a 4.8 percent decline in firms' creation in the local labor market of origin. An accounting exercise decomposes the estimated effect into four components: subtraction o...
