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作者：Brooks, Leah; Liscow, Zachary
作者单位：George Washington University; Yale University
摘要：Despite infrastructure's importance to the US economy, evidence on its cost trajectory over time is sparse. We document real spending per new mile over the history of the Interstate Highway System. We find that spending per mile increased more than threefold from the 1960s to the 1980s. This increase persists even conditional on pre-exist-ing observable geographic cost determinants. We then provide sug-gestive evidence on why. Input prices explain little of the increase. Statistically, changes...
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作者：Samek, Anya; Longfield, Chuck
作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Diego; University of Cambridge
摘要：Calling to thank donors is considered a key fundraising strategy in the charitable giving industry. Yet the effectiveness of thank-you calls remains untested. We conduct field experiments with public television stations and a national nonprofit in which 500,000 new donors were randomized to receive a thank-you call or not. Fundraising professionals predicted that the calls-which followed standard practices in the industry-would increase donor retention by 80 percent. In stark contrast, we foun...
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作者：He, Guojun; Tanaka, Takanao
作者单位：University of Hong Kong; University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：Following the Fukushima nuclear accident, Japan gradually shut down all its nuclear power plants, causing a countrywide power shortage. In response the government launched large-scale energy-saving campaigns to reduce electricity consumption. Exploiting the electricity-saving targets across regions and over time, we show that the campaigns significantly increased mortality, par-ticularly during extremely hot days. The impact is primarily driven by people using less air conditioning, as encoura...
