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作者：Londono-Velez, Juliana; Rodriguez, Catherine; Sanchez, Fabio
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; Universidad de los Andes (Colombia)
摘要：How does financial aid affect postsecondary enrollment, college choice, and student composition? We present new evidence based on a large-scale program available to high-achieving, low-income students for attending high-quality colleges in Colombia. RD estimates show financial aid eligibility raised immediate enrollment by 56.5 to 86.5 percent, depending on the complier population. This rise, driven by matriculation at private, high-quality colleges, closed the SES enrollment gap among high ac...
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作者：Cellini, Stephanie E.; Darolia, Rajeev; Turner, Lesley J.
作者单位：George Washington University; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Kentucky; IZA Institute Labor Economics; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut
摘要：We examine the effects of federal sanctions imposed on for-profit institutions in the 1990s. Using county-level variation in the timing and magnitude of sanctions linked to student loan default rates, we estimate that sanctioned for-profits experience a 68 percent decrease in annual enrollment following sanction receipt. Enrollment losses due to for-profit sanctions are 60-70 percent offset by increased enrollment within local community colleges, where students are less likely to default on fe...
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作者：Dieterle, Steven; Bartalotti, Otavio; Brummet, Quentin
作者单位：University of Edinburgh; Iowa State University; University of Chicago
摘要：This study documents two potential biases in recent analyses of UI benefit extensions using boundary-based identification: bias from using county-level aggregates and bias from across-border policy spillovers. lb examine the first bias, the analysis uses a regression discontinuity approach that accounts for measurement error in county-level aggregates. These results suggest much smaller effects than previous studies, casting doubt on the applicability of border-based designs. The analysis then...
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作者：Park, R. Jisung; Goodman, Joshua; Hurwitz, Michael; Smith, Jonathan
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; Brandeis University; University System of Georgia; Georgia State University
摘要：We demonstrate that heat inhibits learning and that school air conditioning may mitigate this effect. Student fixed effects models using 10 million students who retook the. PSATs show that hotter school days in the years before the test was taken reduce scores, with extreme heat being particularly damaging. Weekend and summer temperatures have little impact, suggesting heat directly disrupts learning time. New nationwide, school-level measures of air conditioning penetration suggest patterns c...
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作者：Agrawal, Ajay; Rosell, Carlos; Simcoe, Timothy
作者单位：University of Toronto; National Bureau of Economic Research; Boston University
摘要：In 2004, Canada changed the eligibility rules for its Scientific Research and Experimental Development (SRED) tax credit, which provides tax incentives for R&D conducted by small private firms. Difference-in-difference estimates show a 17 percent increase in total R&D among eligible firms. The impact was larger for firms that took the tax credits as refunds because they had no current tax liability. Contract R&D expenditures were more elastic than the R&D wage bill. The response was also great...
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作者：Goodman, Joshua; Gurantz, Oded; Smith, Jonathan
作者单位：Harvard University; University of Missouri System; University of Missouri Columbia; University System of Georgia; Georgia State University
摘要：Only half of SAT-takers retake the exam, with even lower retake rates among low-income students and underrepresented minority (URM) students. We exploit discontinuous jumps in retake probabilities at multiples of 100, driven by left-digit bias, to estimate retaking's causal effects. Retaking substantially improves SAT scores and increases four-year college enrollment rates, particularly for low-income and URM students. Eliminating disparities in retake rates could close up to 10 percent of the...
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作者：Leung, Pauline; O'leary, Christopher
作者单位：Cornell University; W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research
摘要：We study the ways in which unemployment insurance (UI) benefits interact with other elements of the social safety net around job losses. We exploit a cutoff for UI eligibility, based on a workers' highest quarterly earnings in the past year, to generate quasi-experimental variation in UI receipt. We find that UI receipt cuts welfare (TANF) receipt by half among low-earning UI applicants but has no impact on SNAP or Medicaid usage. However, because welfare participation is low in this populatio...
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作者：Mele, Angelo
作者单位：Johns Hopkins University
摘要：This paper studies racial segregation in schools using data on student friendships from Add Health. I estimate an equilibrium model of friendship formation, with preferences allowing both homophily and heterophily in direct and indirect ties. I find that homophily goes beyond direct links: students also prefer racially homogeneous indirect friends, while there is heterophily in income. I simulate policies reallocating students across schools. Race-based policies have nonlinear effects on withi...
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作者：Owens, Raymond, III; Rossi-Hansberg, Esteban; Sarte, Pierre-Daniel
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Richmond; Princeton University; Princeton University
摘要：This paper studies the urban structure of Detroit-one that is clearly not optimal for its size-which features a business district immediately surrounded by largely vacant neighborhoods. A model is presented where residential externalities lead to multiple equilibria at the neighborhood level. Specifically, neighborhood development requires the coordination of developers and residents, without which it may remain vacant even with sound fundamentals. Given this mechanism, existing strategic visi...
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作者：Bubb, Ryan; Warren, Patrick L.
作者单位：New York University; Clemson University
摘要：We develop an equilibrium theory of employer-sponsored retirement plan design using a behavioral contract theory approach. The operation of the labor market results in retirement plans that generally cater to, rather than correct, workers' mistakes. Our theory provides new explanations for a range of facts about retirement plan design, including the use of employer matching contributions and the use of default contribution rates in automatic enrollment plans that lower many workers' savings. W...
