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作者：Doerr, Annabelle; Necker, Sarah
作者单位：University of Basel; University of Freiburg
摘要：We conduct a field experiment with sellers of home improvement services on two German online markets. We take the role of consumers and vary whether we request an invoice for the delivery of the service. In a market that allows anyone to sell anonymously , a willingness to evade is prevalent. In a market that keeps track of credentials , sellers are only willing to evade when a willingness to collude is signaled. The evasion discount is in most estimates not larger than the tax subsidy for leg...
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作者：Chen, Chia-Wen; Hu, Wei-Min; Knittel, Christopher R.
作者单位：Academia Sinica - Taiwan; National Chengchi University; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
摘要：This paper examines the response of vehicle purchase behavior to China's largest national subsidy program for fuel-efficient vehicles during 2010 and 2011. Using variation from the program's eligibility cutoffs and the rollout of the subsidy program , the program is found to boost sales for subsidized vehicle models , but also to create a substitution effect within highly fuel-efficient vehicles. Estimates imply that ignoring the substitution effect would lead one to conclude that the program ...
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作者：Agrawal, David R.
摘要：If online transactions are tax free, increased online shopping may lower tax rates as jurisdictions seek to reduce tax avoidance; but, if online firms remit taxes, online sales may put upward pressure on tax rates because internet sales help enforce destination-based taxes. I find that higher internet penetration generally results in lower municipal tax rates but raises tax rates in some jurisdictions. The latter effect emerges in states where many online vendors remit taxes. A 1 standard devi...
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作者：Homonoff, Tatiana; Somerville, Jason
作者单位：New York University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - New York
摘要：Participants in means-tested programs must periodically document eligibility through a recertification process. If all cases that fail recertification are ineligible, the exact timing of this process should be irrelevant. We find that later recertification interview assignments for the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), which leave less time to reschedule missed interviews, decrease recertification success by 22 percent. The consequences of not recertifying due to later intervie...
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作者：Barwick, Panle Jia; Cao, Shengmao; Li, Shanjun
作者单位：Cornell University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Stanford University; Cornell University
摘要：This study documents the presence of local protectionism and quantifies its impacts on market competition and social welfare in the context of China's automobile market. A salient feature of China's auto market is that vehicle models by joint ventures and state-owned enterprises command much higher market shares in their headquarter provinces than at the national level. Through county border analysis, falsification tests, and a consumer survey, we uncover protectionist policies such as subsidi...
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作者：Kaplow, Louis
作者单位：Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：This article analyzes concerns about market power and inequality in a model with multiple sectors, heterogeneous abilities, endogenous labor supply, and nonlinear income taxation. Proportional markups with no profit dissipation have no effect on the economy, and a policy that reduces a nonproportional markup raises (lowers) welfare when it is higher (lower) than a weighted average of other markups. With proportional (partial or full) profit dissipation, proportional markups are equivalent to a...
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作者：Springel, Katalin
作者单位：Universite de Montreal; HEC Montreal; Georgetown University
摘要：This paper uses new, large-scale vehicle registry data from Norway and a two-sided market framework to show nonneutrality of different subsidies and estimate their impact on electric vehicle adoption when network externalities are present. Estimates suggest a strong positive connection between electric vehicle purchases and both consumer price and charging station subsidies. Counterfactual analyses suggest that between 2010 and 2015, every dollar spent on station subsidies resulted in more tha...
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作者：Aaronson, Daniel; Hartley, Daniel; Mazumder, Bhashkar
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Chicago
摘要：This study uses a boundary design and propensity score methods to study the effects of the 1930s-era Home Owners Loan Corporation (HOLC) redlining maps on the long-run trajectories of urban neighborhoods. The maps led to reduced home ownership rates, house values, and rents and increased racial segregation in later decades. A comparison on either side of a city-level population cutoff that determined whether maps were drawn finds broadly similar conclusions. These results suggest the HOLC maps...
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作者：Ballis, Briana; Heath, Katelyn
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Merced; Rice University
摘要：Over 13 percent of US students participate in special education (SE) programs annually, at a cost of $40 billion. However, due to selection issues the effect of SE placements remains unclear. This paper uses administrative data from Texas to examine the long-run effect of reducing SE access. Our research design exploits variation in SE placement driven by a unique state policy that required school districts to reduce SE caseloads to 8.5 percent. This policy led to sharp reductions in SE enroll...
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作者：Bachas, Pierre; Soto, Mauricio
摘要：How should developing countries tax corporate income? We study this question in Costa Rica, where firms face higher average tax rates on profits when revenues marginally increase. We combine discontinuity and bunching designs to estimate the elasticity of taxable profit and separate it into revenue and cost elasticities. We find that firms faced with a higher tax rate slightly reduce revenues but considerably increase costs, thus producing a large elasticity of taxable profit of 3-5. In this c...
