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作者：Beg, Sabrin; Halim, Waqas; Lucas, Adrienne M.; Saif, Umar
作者单位：University of Delaware; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Using two RCTs in middle schools in Pakistan, we show that brief, expert-led, curriculum-based videos integrated into the classroom experience improved teaching effectiveness: student test scores in math and science increased by 0.3 standard deviations, 60 percent more than the control group, after 4 months of exposure. Students and teachers increased their attendance, and students were more likely to pass the high-stakes government exams. By contrast, pro-viding similar content to students on...
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作者：HOE, T. H. O. M. A. S. P.
作者单位：Cornell University; Cornell University
摘要：This paper estimates the impact of hospital crowding on medical treatment decisions and patient health outcomes. Exploiting pseudorandom variation in emergency admissions, I find that a readmission rate by 4.1 percent. Nonparametric and heterogeneity analyses suggest that ???quicker and sicker??? discharges contribute to the additional readmissions. The crowding impacts are larger in hospital departments with fewer beds, sicker patients, and stronger
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作者：Atwood, Alicia
作者单位：Vassar College
摘要：The measles vaccine was introduced in 1963. Take-up of the vaccine in the United States occurred quickly and universally, leading to reductions in morbidity and mortality. New biological evidence on how the measles virus interacts with our immune system indicates the impact of the measles vaccine may be underestimated. Using a difference-in-difference identification strategy, 1 find evidence the measles vaccine increased earnings and employment. Long-term follow-up of adults finds an increase ...
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作者：Cherniwchan, Jevan; Najjar, Nouri
作者单位：Carleton University; Western University (University of Western Ontario)
摘要：This paper investigates how a common form of environmental regulation-air quality standards-affects exporters. We develop a simple theoretical model to show how the design of these standards causes (i) some firms to stop exporting and (ii) a reduction in the export volumes of affected continuing exporters. We exploit quasi-experimental variation resulting from the design of Canadian air quality standards to test these predictions empirically. Our estimates confirm our model's predictions: we f...
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作者：LEVINSON, A. R. I. K.; SILVA, E. M. I. L. S. O. N.
作者单位：Georgetown University; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Alberta
摘要：In theory, regulators concerned about inequality will deviate from efficient two-part tariffs, charging lower-than-efficient fixed monthly fees and higher-than-efficient per-kilowatt-hour prices. To quantify that relationship, we develop a measure of the redistributive extent of utility tariffs: the electric Gini. Utilities with higher electric Ginis shift more costs from households using relatively little electricity to households using more. In practice, US utilities whose ratepayers have mo...
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作者：JARDIM, E. K. A. T. E. R. I. N. A.; LONG, M. A. R. K. C.; PLOTNICK, R. O. B. E. R. T.; VAN INWEGEN, E. M. M. A.; VIGDOR, J. A. C. O. B.; WETHING, H. I. L. A. R. Y.
作者单位：Amazon.com; University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle; National Bureau of Economic Research; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); Pennsylvania State University; Pennsylvania State University - University Park
摘要：Seattle raised its minimum wage to as much as $11 in 2015 and as much as $13 in 2016. We use Washington State administrative data to conduct two complementary analyses of its impact. Relative to outlying regions of the state identified by the synthetic control method, aggregate employment at wages less than twice the original minimum-measured by total hours worked-declined. A portion of this reduction reflects jobs transitioning to wages above the threshold; the aggregate analysis likely overs...
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作者：SETTELE, S. O. N. J. A.
作者单位：University of Copenhagen; University of Copenhagen
摘要：I conduct a survey experiment to study the relationship between people's beliefs about the size of the gender wage gap and their demand for policies aimed at mitigating it. Beliefs causally affect support for equal pay legislation and affirmative action programs, but cannot account for the polarization in policy views by partisanship and gender Changes in policy demand seem to be driven by changes in beliefs about discrimination in labor markets and fairness concerns, while self-interest appea...
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作者：Butschek, Sebastian
作者单位：University of Innsbruck
摘要：Many scholars have studied the employment effects of minimum wages, but little is known about effects on the composition of hires. I investigate whether Germany's minimum wage introduction raised hiring standards, using worker fixed effects as a proxy for worker productivity. For the least productive workers hired, the minimum wage led to a 4 percentile point shift in the productivity distribution. This increase is missed using standard observable measures of worker productivity. The effects a...
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作者：MUMMA, K. I. R. S. T. E. N. S. L. U. N. G. A. A. R. D.
作者单位：Boston University
摘要：The rapid expansion of charter schools has fueled concerns about their impact on traditional public schools. I estimate the effect of charter openings on traditional public schools in Massachusetts and North Carolina by comparing schools near actual charter sites to those near proposed sites that were never occupied. I find charter openings reduced public school enrollment by around 5 percent and reduced White enrollment in North Carolina. I find no impact on student achievement, and my 95 per...
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作者：MULLER-ITTEN, Michele; ORY, Aniko
作者单位：University of Notre Dame
摘要：We analyze the long-term workforce composition when the quality of mentoring available to majority and minority juniors depends on their representation in the workforce. A workforce with at least 50 percent majority workers invariably converges to one where the majority is overrepresented relative to the population. To maximize welfare, persistent interventions, such as group-specific fellowships, are often needed, and the optimal workforce may include minority workers of lower innate talent t...
