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作者：Gerster, Andreas; Kramm, Michael
作者单位：University of Mannheim; Leibniz Association; RWI - Leibniz Institut fur Wirtschaftsforschung; Ifo Institut; University of Cologne; Dortmund University of Technology
摘要：This paper explores how a benevolent policymaker should optimally tax ( or subsidize) ) product attributes when consumers are behaviorally biased. We demonstrate that market choices are informative about biases, , which can be exploited for targeting biased consumers via a nonlinear tax schedule. We show that the properties of this schedule depend on few parameters of the joint distribution of consumer valuations and biases. Furthermore, , we provide a novel justification for behaviorally moti...
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作者：Lotti, Clarissa; Muco, Arieda; Spagnolo, Giancarlo; Valletti, Tommaso
作者单位：University of Rome Tor Vergata; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; Norwegian School of Economics (NHH); Imperial College London
摘要：Centralization of public procurement can lower prices for the government's direct purchase of goods and services. This paper focuses on indirect savings. Public administrations that do not procure directly through a central procurement agency might benefit from the availability of centrally procured goods. We exploit the introduction of a central purchasing agency in Italy and find that prices came down by 22 percent among administrations that bought autonomously. These indirect effects appear...
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作者：Moore, Timothy J.; Morris, Todd
作者单位：Purdue University System; Purdue University; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Queensland
摘要：We show that a targeted law can modify teens' risky behavior. We examine the effects of an Australian intervention banning first-year drivers from driving late at night with multiple peers, , which had accounted for one-fifth of their traffic fatalities. Using data on individual drivers linked to crash outcomes, , we find the reform more than halves targeted crashes, , casualties and deaths. There are large positive spillovers through lower crashes earlier in the evening and beyond the first y...
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作者：Farin, Sherajum Monira; Hoehn-Velasco, Lauren; Pesko, Michael F.
作者单位：University System of Georgia; Georgia State University; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：Legal abortion has recently been suggested as an essential health care service. In this study, , we consider whether abortion legalization over 1969-1973 improved women's health as measured by maternal mortality. Our event study results indicate that legal abortion substantially lowered non-White maternal mortality by 30-50 percent, , with 134 non-White maternal deaths averted nationally in the first year abortion became legal. We also find that early state-level legalizations were crucial and...
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作者：Garg, Teevrat; Jagnani, Maulik; Pullabhotla, Hemant k.
作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Diego; Tufts University; Tufts University; Deakin University
摘要：Even as policymakers seek to encourage economic development by addressing misallocation due to frictions in labor markets, the associated production externalities-such as air pollution-remain unexplored. Using a regression discontinuity design, we show access to rural roads increases agricultural fires and particulate emissions. Farm labor exits are a likely mechanism: rural roads cause movement of workers out of agriculture and induce farmers to use fire-a labor-saving but polluting technolog...
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作者：Philippe, Arnaud
作者单位：University of Bristol
摘要：This paper investigates how criminals learn about criminal laws. It uses a natural experiment in which sentences were drastically increased for a specific type of recidivism in France. In the short run, advertising the reform did not trigger any change in criminal behavior. However, people who had firsthand experience of the reform learned about it and later committed significantly fewer targeted crimes, but the same number of nontargeted crimes. Learning appears to be limited to individuals w...
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作者：Dias, Mateus; Fontes, Luiz Felipe
作者单位：Universidade Catolica Portuguesa; Insper
摘要：This paper studies the Brazilian Psychiatric Reform, , which reorganized the public mental health care provision by introducing mental health centers ( CAPS ) as a community-based substitute for inpatient care. Our research design exploits the rollout of CAPS in a difference-in-differences framework. We show that these centers increased outpatient mental health care production and reduced psychiatric hospitalizations. These reductions were more pronounced for long-stay admissions and among pat...
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作者：Kumar, Anil; Liang, Che-Yuan
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Dallas; University of Iowa; Uppsala University
摘要：We exploit the 1997 and 2003 constitutional amendments in Texas- allowing home equity loans and lines of credit for nonhousing purposes-as natural experiments to estimate the effect of easier credit access on the labor market. Using state-level as well as micro data, we find that easier access to housing credit led to a notably lower labor force participation rate between 1997 and 2007. Our findings are remarkably robust to improved synthetic control methods based on insights from machine lear...
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作者：Cao, Shengmao; Yi, Lisa Xuejie; Yu, Chuan
作者单位：Northwestern University; Stanford University
摘要：We study the equilibrium effects of introducing competitive bidding in drug procurement. In 2019, , China introduced a competitive bidding program where drug companies bid for a prespecified procurement quantity in nine provinces. Using a difference-in-differences design, , we show the program reduced average drug prices by 47.4 percent. Generic drugs won most bids and cut prices by 75.0 percent. We develop an equilibrium model to quantify the trade-off between lower prices and potential choic...
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作者：Cage, Julia; Le Pennec, Caroline; Mougin, Elisa
作者单位：Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; Universite de Montreal; HEC Montreal; Ecole Normale Superieure de Lyon (ENS de LYON)
摘要：We study France's 1995 ban on firm donations to politicians. We use a difference-in-differences approach and a novel dataset combining the campaign manifestos issued by candidates running in French parliamentary elections with data on their campaign contributions. We show that banning firm donations discourages candidates from advertising their local presence during the campaign, as well as economic issues. The ban also leads candidates from nonmainstream parties to use more extreme language. ...
