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作者：Brulhart, Marius; Danton, Jayson; Parchet, Raphael; Schlapfer, Jorg
作者单位：University of Lausanne; Swiss National Bank (SNB); Universita della Svizzera Italiana
摘要：We study the distributional effects of local taxes. They turn out to be strikingly progressive. We calibrate a municipality-level structural model with quasi-experimental estimates of taxpayer mobilty by family type. Households with children are found to be less mobile than households without children and to have stronger preferences for locally provided public goods. Combined with capitalization of taxes into housing prices and nonhomothetic housing demand, this implies that the incidence of ...
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作者：Brockmeyer, Anne; Somarriba, M. A. G. A. L. Y. SaENZ
作者单位：The World Bank; University of London; University College London; London School Economics & Political Science; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; Inter-American Development Bank
摘要：Does the digitization of transactions in an economy increase tax compliance? We study the effect of financial incentives on the adoption of electronic payment technology and on tax compliance by firms. Exploiting administrative data and policy variation from Uruguay, we show that (i) consumer VAT rebates for credit and debit transactions trigger an immediate 50 percent increase in the number of card transactions, (ii) firms' use of card machines increases only on the intensive margin, and (iii...
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作者：Pierce, Lamar; Rees-Jones, Alex; Blank, Charlotte
作者单位：Washington University (WUSTL); University of Pennsylvania; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Behavioral economists have proposed that incentive contracts result in higher productivity when bonuses are loss framed-prepaid then clawed back if targets are unmet. We test this claim by randomizing the pre- or postpayment of sales bonuses at 294 car dealerships. Although somewhat statistically imprecise, our analysis provides strong indications that the random assignment of loss framing had quantitatively important negative effects. We document that the negative effects of loss framing can ...
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作者：Bhuller, Manudeep; Khoury, Laura; V. Loken, Katrine
作者单位：University of Oslo; Statistics Norway; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; Universite PSL; Universite Paris-Dauphine; University of Bergen; Norwegian School of Economics (NHH); Statistics Norway
摘要：Understanding whether and in what situations correctional sentencing improves or exacerbates defendants' mental health conditions is important for the design of criminal justice policies. We combine detailed Norwegian data on visits to health care professionals with quasi-experimental designs to measure the impacts of correctional sentences on mental health-related visits. Our causal evidence shows that rehabilitation-oriented sentencing can improve defendants' mental health conditions. We fin...
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作者：Shastry, Gauri Kartini; Tortorice, Daniel L.
作者单位：Wellesley College; College of the Holy Cross
摘要：Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance has provided over US$16 billion in funding for vaccination in low- and middle-income countries since 1999. We exploit differential timing across countries and vaccines to estimate the effects of this public health initiative. We find that Gavi's support for a vaccine increased coverage rates by 2-5 percentage points across all vaccines and by 10-20 percentage points for newer vaccines. We also find that Gavi's support reduced child mortality from related causes by 1 ...
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作者：Siegloch, Sebastian; Wehrhoefer, Nils; Etzel, Tobias
作者单位：University of Cologne; Leibniz Association; Zentrum fur Europaische Wirtschaftsforschung (ZEW); Deutsche Bundesbank
摘要：We analyze the effects of a large place-based policy, subsidizing up to 50 percent of the investment costs of East German manufacturing plants. We show that a 1 percentage point decrease in subsidy rate leads to a 1 percent decrease in manufacturing employment. We document important local spillovers for the untreated construction and retail sectors, counties connected via trade, and local tax rates. There is no evidence for regional reallocation, within-irm spillover, or changes in commuting a...
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作者：Sager, Lutz; Singer, Gregor
作者单位：ESSEC Business School; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：We assess the US Clean Air Act standards for fine particulate matter (PM2.5). Using high-resolution data, we find that the 2005 regulation reduced PM2.5 levels by 0.4 mu g/m3 over five years, with larger effects in more polluted areas. Standard difference-in-differences overstates these effects by a factor of three because time trends differ by baseline pollution, a bias we overcome with three alternative approaches. We show that the regulation contributed to narrowing Urban-Rural and Black-Wh...
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作者：Hansen-lewis, Jamie; Marcus, Michelle
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Davis; Vanderbilt University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Maritime shipping emits as much fine particulate matter as half of global road traffic. We are the first to measure the consequences of US maritime emissions standards on air quality, human health, racial exposure disparities, and behavior. The introduction of US maritime emissions control areas significantly decreased fine particulate matter, low birth weight, and infant mortality. Yet, only about half of the forecasted fine particulate matter abatement was achieved by the policy. We show evi...
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作者：Weinstein, Russell
作者单位：University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
摘要：Using mobility report card data, I show the income gap between alumni of elite and less selective universities widened for cohorts graduating during the Great Recession. This is evident for mean and median incomes and access to high earning percentiles. Results do not appear driven by differences in student composition, including parental income. Using a unique dataset of recruiting strategies for prestigious firms, I highlight one channel through which university selectivity may have a causal...
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作者：Cabral, Marika; Carey, Colleen; Miller, Sarah
作者单位：University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; National Bureau of Economic Research; Cornell University; Cornell University; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan
摘要：Provider payments are the key determinant of insurance generosity within many health insurance programs covering low-income populations. This paper analyzes a large, federally mandated provider payment increase for primary care services provided to low-income elderly and disabled individuals. Using comprehensive administrative data, we leverage variation across beneficiaries and providers in the policy-induced payment increase in difference-in-differences and triple differences research design...
