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作者：Hansen-lewis, Jamie; Marcus, Michelle
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Davis; Vanderbilt University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Maritime shipping emits as much fine particulate matter as half of global road traffic. We are the first to measure the consequences of US maritime emissions standards on air quality, human health, racial exposure disparities, and behavior. The introduction of US maritime emissions control areas significantly decreased fine particulate matter, low birth weight, and infant mortality. Yet, only about half of the forecasted fine particulate matter abatement was achieved by the policy. We show evi...
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作者：Dorsey, Jackson; Langer, Ashley; Mcrae, Shaun
作者单位：University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; University of Arizona; National Bureau of Economic Research; Instituto Tecnologico Autonomo de Mexico
摘要：This paper quantifies the value of electric vehicle (EV) charging networks and the marginal value of network speed and density. We estimate a model of gasoline drivers' refueling preferences and simulate how these potential future EV drivers value refueling time under counterfactual charging networks. Drivers value refueling time at $19.73/hour. EV adopters with home charging receive $675 per vehicle in benefits from avoiding travel to gas stations, whereas refueling travel and waiting time co...
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作者：Evans, William N.; Kolka, Shawna; Sullivan, James X.; Turner, Patrick S.
作者单位：University of Notre Dame
摘要：Families in poverty face numerous barriers to establishing stable economic footing. This paper estimates experimental effects of a holistic, individualized wraparound service intervention for low-income individuals. The intervention includes a detailed assessment, an individualized service plan, intensive case management administered by a two-person team with small caseloads, and strategic financial assistance. The program improved employment and housing outcomes two years postenrollment. Give...
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作者：Lichter, Andreas; Loffler, Max; Isphording, Ingo e.; Nguyen, Thu-van; Poege, Felix; Siegloch, Sebastian
作者单位：Heinrich Heine University Dusseldorf; Maastricht University; IZA Institute Labor Economics; Bocconi University; University of Cologne
摘要：We study how profit taxes affect establishments' R&D activities. Relying on detailed panel data of R&D-active firms in Germany over two decades, we exploit identifying variation induced by more than 10,000 municipal changes in the local business tax rate and federal tax reforms with locally varying effects. Using event-study techniques, we find a sizable, negative effect of profit taxes on establishments' total R&D spending and patents filed. Zooming into the innovation production process, we ...
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作者：Brockmeyer, Anne; Somarriba, M. A. G. A. L. Y. SaENZ
作者单位：The World Bank; University of London; University College London; London School Economics & Political Science; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; Inter-American Development Bank
摘要：Does the digitization of transactions in an economy increase tax compliance? We study the effect of financial incentives on the adoption of electronic payment technology and on tax compliance by firms. Exploiting administrative data and policy variation from Uruguay, we show that (i) consumer VAT rebates for credit and debit transactions trigger an immediate 50 percent increase in the number of card transactions, (ii) firms' use of card machines increases only on the intensive margin, and (iii...
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作者：Pierce, Lamar; Rees-Jones, Alex; Blank, Charlotte
作者单位：Washington University (WUSTL); University of Pennsylvania; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Behavioral economists have proposed that incentive contracts result in higher productivity when bonuses are loss framed-prepaid then clawed back if targets are unmet. We test this claim by randomizing the pre- or postpayment of sales bonuses at 294 car dealerships. Although somewhat statistically imprecise, our analysis provides strong indications that the random assignment of loss framing had quantitatively important negative effects. We document that the negative effects of loss framing can ...
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作者：Shastry, Gauri Kartini; Tortorice, Daniel L.
作者单位：Wellesley College; College of the Holy Cross
摘要：Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance has provided over US$16 billion in funding for vaccination in low- and middle-income countries since 1999. We exploit differential timing across countries and vaccines to estimate the effects of this public health initiative. We find that Gavi's support for a vaccine increased coverage rates by 2-5 percentage points across all vaccines and by 10-20 percentage points for newer vaccines. We also find that Gavi's support reduced child mortality from related causes by 1 ...
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作者：Siegloch, Sebastian; Wehrhoefer, Nils; Etzel, Tobias
作者单位：University of Cologne; Leibniz Association; Zentrum fur Europaische Wirtschaftsforschung (ZEW); Deutsche Bundesbank
摘要：We analyze the effects of a large place-based policy, subsidizing up to 50 percent of the investment costs of East German manufacturing plants. We show that a 1 percentage point decrease in subsidy rate leads to a 1 percent decrease in manufacturing employment. We document important local spillovers for the untreated construction and retail sectors, counties connected via trade, and local tax rates. There is no evidence for regional reallocation, within-irm spillover, or changes in commuting a...
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作者：Bailey, Martha; Byker, Tanya; Patel, Elena; Ramnath, Shanthi
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; Middlebury College; Utah System of Higher Education; University of Utah; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Chicago
摘要：We use administrative tax data to analyze the cumulative, long-run effects of California's 2004 Paid Family Leave Act (CPFL) on women's employment, earnings, and childbearing. A regression-discontinuity design exploits the sharp increase in the weeks of paid leave available under the law. We find no evidence that CPFL increased employment, boosted earnings, or encouraged childbearing, suggesting that CPFL had little effect on the gender pay gap or child penalty. For first-time mothers, we find...
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作者：Nathan, Brad; Perez-truglia, Ricardo; Zentner, Alejandro
作者单位：Rutgers University System; Rutgers University New Brunswick; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; University of Texas System; University of Texas Dallas
摘要：In the United States and globally, taxpayers can file a protest to legally reduce their property taxes. While tax protests can provide a unique opportunity to study the (un)willingness to pay taxes, they have received little attention from researchers. Using a field experiment and a quasi-experiment, we study what motivates households to protest their property taxes. We find that both expected savings and filing frictions play significant roles. We estimate the magnitude of filing frictions us...
