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作者：Sena, V
作者单位：University of Leeds
摘要：It is well known that innovation is the engine that drives the growth machine of modern capitalist economies. Therefore, not surprisingly, substantial attention has been devoted by economists to the process behind the production of innovations. Three areas have recently emerged as relevant in the field. These are: the impact of spillovers on productivity; the different forms of R&D cooperation and the role of patents in fostering innovations when these are cumulative. In this paper I summarise...
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作者：Clemens, MA; Williamson, JG
作者单位：Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Why do rich countries receive the lion's share of international investment flows? Although this wealth bias is strong today, it was even stronger during the first global capital market boom before 1913. Very little of British capital exports went to Poor countries, whether colonies or not. This paper constructs panel data for 34 countries that as a group received 92% of British capital. It Concludes that international capital market. failure had only second-order effects on the geographical di...
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作者：Gneezy, U; Haruvy, E; Yafe, H
作者单位：University of Chicago; Technion Israel Institute of Technology; University of Texas System; University of Texas Dallas
摘要：When agents are ascribed selfish motives, economic theory points to grave inefficiencies resulting from externalities. We study a restaurant setting in which groups of diners are faced with different ways of paying the bill. The two main manipulations are splitting the bill between the diners and having each pay individually. We find that subjects consume more when the cost is split, resulting in a substantial loss of efficiency. Diners prefer the individual pay to the inefficient split-bill m...
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作者：Schabert, A
作者单位：University of Cologne
摘要：We examine interactions of monetary and fiscal policy in a sticky price model where public debt is non-neutral, as it provides transaction services. This property is brought about by a legal restriction on open market operations by which only government bonds are eligible. Debt creation eases access to money and can therefore induce households to increase purchases of goods. Government expenditures, which are not completely tax financed, and deficit financed tax cuts then tend to stimulate pri...
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作者：Oxoby, RJ
作者单位：University of Calgary
摘要：We present a model of cognitive adaptation to examine the growth and behaviours of the underclass. In the model, individuals experiencing cognitive dissonance between status seeking and social recognition adapt their attitudes regarding what is deemed status worthy. This yields the endogenous formation of an underclass in which non-pecuniary social returns counteract the effect of traditional incentives (i.e. wages) in motivating behaviour. By gaining insight into the process of psychological ...
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作者：Sarin, R; Vahid, F
作者单位：Texas A&M University System; Texas A&M University College Station; Australian National University
摘要：In the payoff assessment model of choice (Sarin and Vahid, 1999), only the assessment of the chosen strategy is updated. We extend that model to allow the agent to also update the assessments of strategies that the agent thinks are similar to the chosen strategy. We use this model to explain observed behaviour in a recent experiment. Statistical tests cannot distinguish between the payoff distributions generated by the model and the observed payoff distributions in almost every period.
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作者：Nickell, S
作者单位：Bank of England; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：Relative poverty in the UK has risen massively since 1979 mainly because of increasing worklessness, rising earnings dispersion and benefits indexed to prices, not wages. The economic force underlying this is the significant shift in demand against the unskilled. This has substantially weakened the low-skill labour market which has increased both pay dispersion and worklessness, particularly among low-skilled men. Practical policies discussed include improving education and overall well-being ...
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作者：Arteta, CO
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作者：Adam, CS; O'Connell, SA
作者单位：University of Oxford; Swarthmore College
摘要：We examine the (non) equivalence of aid and trade preferences as alternative forms of donor assistance in the presence of learning-by-doing externalities in recipient-country export production. Using a model based on van Wijnbergen (1985), we show that switching donor support on the margin from aid to trade preferences can increase recipient-country welfare. Simulations in which the productivity externality also interacts with private capital accumulation and fiscal distortions illustrate the ...
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作者：Trivedi, K
