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作者：Faggio, Giulia; Nickell, Stephen
作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; University of Oxford
摘要：Market work per person of working age differs widely across the OECD countries and there have been some significant changes in the last forty years. How to explain this pattern? Taxes are part of the story but much remains to be explained. The story favoured by Alesina et al. (2005) is that the nexus of strong unions, generous welfare and social democracy implies both high taxes and pressure in favour of work-sharing in response to adverse shocks. This is not borne out in Scandinavian countrie...
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作者：Hale, Galina
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - San Francisco
摘要：The costs of debt crises are not invariant to the foreign debt instrument composition: bank loans or bonds. The lending boom of the 1990s witnessed considerable variation over time and across countries in the debt instrument used by emerging market (EM) borrowers. This article tests how macroeconomic fundamentals affect the composition of international debt instruments used by EM borrowers. Analysis of micro-level data using an ordered probability model shows that macroeconomic fundamentals ex...
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作者：Parsley, David C.; Wei, Shang-Jin
作者单位：Vanderbilt University
摘要：We match Big Mac prices with prices of its ingredients as a unique prism to study real exchange rates (RERs). This approach has several advantages. First, the levels of the Big Mac RER can be measured meaningfully. Second, as the exact composition of a Big Mac is known, the contributions of its tradable and non-tradable components can be estimated relatively precisely. Third, the dynamics of the RER can be studied in a setting free of several biases inherent in CPI-based RERs. Finally, a large...
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作者：Kahn, Lawrence M.
作者单位：Cornell University; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：This article uses 1994-8 International Adult Literacy Survey microdata for Canada, Finland, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland, the UK and the US to study the impact of employment protection laws (EPL) on joblessness and temporary employment by demographic group. More stringent EPL raises relative non-employment rates for youth, immigrants, and, possibly, women, controlling for demographic variables and country dummies. For wage and salary workers, EPL raises the relative incidence of tempora...
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作者：Long, Jason; Ferrie, Joseph
作者单位：Northwestern University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Late nineteenth-century intergenerational occupational mobility was higher in the US than in Britain. Differences between them in this type of mobility are absent today. Using data on 10,000 US and British father and son pairs followed over two intervals (the 1860s and 1870s, and the 1880s and 1890s), we examine how this convergence occurred. The US remained more mobile then Britain through 1900 but the difference fell over the last two decades of the nineteenth century (as British mobility ro...
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作者：Leonardi, Marco
作者单位：University of Milan
摘要：This article documents the increasing dispersion of capital-labour ratios across firms in the US and provides some empirical evidence of a positive correlation at the two-digit industry level between the dispersion of capital-labour ratios across firms and residual wage inequality. To explain this empirical fact, the article adopts a search model where the exogenous decline in the relative price of equipment capital makes the distribution of capital-labour ratios more dispersed and increases w...
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作者：Bauer, Thomas; Bonin, Holger; Goette, Lorenz; Sunde, Uwe
作者单位：Leibniz Association; RWI - Leibniz Institut fur Wirtschaftsforschung; IZA Institute Labor Economics; Ruhr University Bochum; Leibniz Association; Zentrum fur Europaische Wirtschaftsforschung (ZEW); Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Boston; University of Bonn
摘要：This article examines real and nominal wage rigidities in West Germany. Using regionally disaggregated register data for 1975-2001, we estimate the extent of both types of wage rigidities from the observed distribution of individual wage changes, taking into account possible measurement error. The fraction of workers facing wage increases that are caused by nominal and particularly real wage rigidity is substantial. The extent of real rigidity rises with inflation and falls with regional unemp...
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作者：Autor, David H.; Kerr, William R.; Kugler, Adriana D.
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); National Bureau of Economic Research; Harvard University; University of Houston System; University of Houston; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：Theory predicts that mandated employment protection may reduce productivity by distorting production choices. We use the adoption of wrongful-discharge protection by state courts in the US from 1970 to 1999 to evaluate the empirical link between dismissal costs and productivity. Drawing on establishment-level data from the Census Bureau, our estimates suggest that wrongful-discharge protection reduces employment flows and firm entry rates. Moreover, plants engage in capital deepening and exper...
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作者：Oswald, Andrew J.; Powdthavee, Nattavudh
作者单位：University of Warwick; University of London
摘要：Is affluence a good thing? The book The Challenge of Affluence by Avner Offer (2006) argues that economic prosperity weakens self-control and undermines human well-being. Consistent with a pessimistic view, we show that psychological distress has been rising through time in modern Great Britain. Taking over-eating as an example, our data reveal that half the British population view themselves as overweight, and that happiness and mental health are worse among fatter people in Britain and Germa...
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作者：Abramovsky, Laura; Harrison, Rupert; Simpson, Helen
作者单位：University of London; University College London; University of Oxford
摘要：We investigate the relationship between the location of private sector R&D labs and university research departments in Great Britain. We combine establishment-level data on R&D activity with information on levels and changes in research quality from the Research Assessment Exercise. The strongest evidence for co-location is for pharmaceuticals R&D, which is disproportionately located near to relevant university research, particularly 5 or 5* rated chemistry departments. This relationship is st...
