-
作者：Conde-Ruiz, J. Ignacio; Profeta, Paola
作者单位：Bocconi University
摘要：Countries with low intragenerational redistribution in social security systems (Bismarckian) are associated with larger public pension expenditures, a smaller fraction of private pension and lower income inequality than countries with more redistributive social security (Beveridgean). This article introduces a bidimensional voting model to account for these features. Agents different in age, income and in their ability to invest in the capital market vote on the degree of redistribution of the...
-
作者：Campbell, David; Carruth, Alan; Dickerson, Andrew; Green, Francis
作者单位：University of Kent; University of Sheffield
摘要：This article examines whether subjective expectations of unemployment are reliable indicators of the probability of becoming unemployed and investigates their association with wage growth. We find that workers' fears of unemployment are increased by their previous unemployment experience and by the unemployment experiences of a close friend, and are associated with other objective indicators of insecure jobs. We then show that unemployment fear predicts future unemployment, above and beyond ob...
-
作者：Carlin, Wendy
作者单位：University of London; University College London
-
作者：Cassar, Alessandra; Crowley, Luke; Wydick, Bruce
作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Francisco; Yale University
摘要：An important question to microfinance is the relevance of existing social capital in target communities to the performance of group lending. This research presents evidence from field experiments in South Africa and Armenia, in which subjects participate in trust and microfinance games. We present evidence that personal trust between group members and social homogeneity are more important to group loan repayment than general societal trust or acquaintanceship between members. We also find some...
-
作者：Charness, Gary; Levine, David I.
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara; University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：Do people care about intentions - even when good intentions do not produce good results? In our experiments we find that rates of punishment and reward react strongly to intentions (the wage a firm decides to pay) and more modestly to distributional outcomes (the higher or lower wage actually received including the stochastic component). For example, workers who end up receiving medium wages respond much more positively when this resulted from the firm offering a high wage but bad luck lowered...
-
作者：Leigh, Andrew
作者单位：Australian National University
摘要：In recent years, researchers have used taxation statistics to estimate the share of total income held by the richest groups, such as the top 10% or the top 1%. Compiling a standardised top income shares dataset for 13 developed countries, I find that there is a strong and significant relationship between top income shares and broader inequality measures, such as the Gini coefficient. This suggests that panel data on top income shares may be a useful substitute for other measures of inequality ...
-
作者：Messina, Julian; Vallanti, Giovanna
作者单位：Universitat de Girona; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：We exploit homogeneous firm level data of manufacturing and non-manufacturing industries to study the impact of firing restrictions on job flow dynamics across 14 European countries. Our results suggest that more stringent firing laws dampen the response of job destruction to the cycle, thus making job turnover less counter-cyclical. Moreover, stricter EPL reduces both the creation and destruction of jobs in declining sectors relative to expanding sectors, implying that faster trend growth att...
-
作者：Giannitsarou, Chryssi
作者单位：University of Cambridge
摘要：It is known that in a real business cycle model with constant returns to scale and a balanced budget fiscal policy rule, steady state indeterminacy may arise due to endogenous labour income tax rates. This article shows that when the government finances its expenditures via an endogenous consumption tax instead, a steady state is always saddle-path stable. Consequently, combining income taxes with consumption taxes makes the ranges of indeterminacy shrink, thus reducing the possibility of aggr...
-
作者：Cordella, Tito; Dell'Ariccia, Giovanni
摘要：Should donors interested in the effectiveness of developmental programmes rely on conditional budget support or on project aid? To answer this question, we present a model in which only a subset of developmental expenditures can be subject to conditionality. We show that budget support is preferable to project aid when the preferences of donors and recipients are aligned, and when assistance is small relative to the recipients' own resources. Furthermore, when donors cannot observe the recipie...
-
作者：Goux, Dominique; Maurin, Eric
作者单位：IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：Children's outcomes are strongly correlated with those of their neighbours. The extent to which this is causal is the subject of an extensive literature. There is an identification problem because people with similar characteristics are observed to live in close proximity. Another major difficulty is that neighbourhoods measured in available data are often considerably larger than those which matter for outcomes (i.e. close neighbours). Several institutional features of France enable us to add...
