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作者：Schivardi, Fabiano; Viviano, Eliana
作者单位：University of Cagliari
摘要：The 1998 reform of the Italian retail trade sector delegated the regulation of entry of large stores to the regional governments. We use the local variation in regulation to determine the effects of entry barriers on sectoral performance. We address the endogeneity of entry barriers through local fixed effects and using political variables as instruments. We also control for differences in trends and for area-wide shocks. We find that entry barriers are associated with substantially larger pro...
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作者：Den Haan, Wouter J.; Sterk, Vincent
作者单位：Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; University of Amsterdam
摘要：Financial innovation is widely believed to be at least partly responsible for the recent financial crisis. At the same time, there are empirical and theoretical arguments that support the view that changes in financial markets, in particular, innovations in consumer credit and home mortgages, played a role in the 'great moderation'. This article questions empirical evidence supporting this view. Especially the behaviour of aggregate home mortgages changed less during the great moderation than ...
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作者：Rubin, Jared
作者单位：California State University System; California State University Fullerton
摘要：Why was economic development retarded in the Middle East relative to Western Europe, despite the Middle East being far ahead for centuries? A theoretical model inspired and substantiated by the history of interest restrictions suggests that this outcome emanates in part from the greater degree to which early Islamic political authorities derived legitimacy from religious authorities. This entailed a feedback mechanism in Europe in which the rise of commerce led to the relaxation of interest re...
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作者：Kirchkamp, Oliver; Reiss, J. Philipp
作者单位：Maastricht University; Friedrich Schiller University of Jena
摘要：Deviations from risk-neutral equilibrium bids in auctions can be related to inconsistent expectations with correct best replies or correct expectations but deviant best replies (e.g. because of risk aversion, regret, quantal-response mistakes). To distinguish between these two explanations, we use a novel experimental procedure and study expectations together with best replies in symmetric and asymmetric auctions. We extensively test the internal validity of this setup. We find that deviations...
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作者：Case, Anne; Paxson, Christina
作者单位：Princeton University
摘要：We use data from the Whitehall II Study to examine the joint evolution of health status and economic status over the life course. We study the links between health and socioeconomic status in childhood and health and employment status at older ages. We find early life socioeconomic status is significantly associated with health over the life course, even though selection into Whitehall mutes the effects of childhood. In addition, we find that current position in the Civil Service is not associ...
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作者：Cabrales, Antonio; Hauk, Esther
作者单位：Universidad Carlos III de Madrid
摘要：We propose a theoretical model to explain empirical regularities related to the curse of natural resources, which emphasises the behaviour and incentives of politicians. We extend the standard voting model to give voters political control beyond the elections. This gives rise to a new restriction that policies should not give rise to a revolution. Our model clarifies when resource discoveries might lead to revolutions, namely, in countries with weak institutions. It also suggests that for bad ...
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作者：Chen, Yongmin; He, Chuan
作者单位：University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder
摘要：Paid placement, where advertisers bid payments to a search engine to have their products displayed prominently among the results of a keyword search, has emerged as a predominant form of advertising on the Internet. This article studies a model of product differentiation in which the auction of advertisement positions is embedded in a market game of consumer search. In equilibrium, more relevant sellers for a given keyword bid more and their paid placement by the search engine reveals informat...
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作者：Barone, Guglielmo; Cingano, Federico
作者单位：European Central Bank; Bank of Italy
摘要：We study the effects of anti-competitive service regulation by examining whether OECD countries with less anti-competitive regulation see better economic performance in manufacturing industries that use less-regulated services more intensively. Our results indicate that lower service regulation increases value added, productivity and export growth in downstream service-intensive industries. The regulation of professional services and energy provision has particularly strong negative growth eff...
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作者：Healy, Andrew; Pate, Jennifer
作者单位：Loyola Marymount University
摘要：We investigate the effect that competing in teams has on gender differences in choosing to enter competitions. In our experiment, subjects chose whether to compete based on the combined performance of themselves and a teammate. We find that competing in two-person teams reduces the gender competition gap by two-thirds. Independent of the sex of one's partner, female subjects prefer to compete in teams whereas male subjects prefer to compete as individuals. We find that this result is driven pr...
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作者：Mitchell, James; Pain, Nigel; Riley, Rebecca
作者单位：University of Leicester; Organisation for Economic Co-operation & Development (OECD)
摘要：A heterogeneous panel-based Bayesian model averaging approach is used to identify the robust economic and policy drivers of international migration to the UK from 14 different source regions over 19802007. Around three-quarters of the increase in net immigration over the last decade, which is particularly pronounced for selected source regions, is associated with structural change, which may be attributed to UK and foreign immigration policy. The remainder of the rise is largely explained by f...
