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作者：Boberg-Fazlic, Nina; Sharp, Paul
作者单位：University of Duisburg Essen; University of Southern Denmark
摘要：This study examines the relationship between government spending and charitable activity. We present a novel way of testing the 'crowding out hypothesis', making use of the fact that welfare provision under the Old Poor Laws was decided at the parish level, thus giving heterogeneity within a single country. Using data on poor relief spending combined with data on charitable incomes by county before and after 1800, we find a positive relationship: areas with more public provision also enjoyed h...
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作者：Bignon, Vincent; Caroli, Eve; Galbiati, Roberto
作者单位：European Central Bank; Bank of France; Universite PSL; Universite Paris-Dauphine; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD); Laboratoire dEconomie de Dauphine LEDa; Paris School of Economics; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Institut d'Etudes Politiques Paris (Sciences Po)
摘要：Using local administrative data from 1826 to 1936, we document the evolution of crime rates in nineteenth century France and we estimate the impact of a negative income shock on crime. Our identification strategy exploits the phylloxera crisis. Between 1863 and 1890, phylloxera destroyed about 40% of French vineyards. We use the geographical variation in the timing of this shock to identify its impact on property and violent crime rates, as well as minor offences. Our estimates suggest that th...
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作者：Boone, Jan; Schottmuller, Christoph
作者单位：Tilburg University; Tilburg University; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR); University of Copenhagen
摘要：Standard insurance models predict that people with high risks have high insurance coverage. It is empirically documented that people with high income have lower health risks and are better insured. We show that income differences between risk types lead to a violation of single crossing in an insurance model where people choose treatment intensity. We analyse different market structures and show the following: if insurers have market power, the violation of single crossing caused by income dif...
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作者：Cheng, Terence C.; Powdthavee, Nattavudh; Oswald, Andrew J.
作者单位：University of Melbourne; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; University of Warwick
摘要：There is a large amount of cross-sectional evidence for a midlife low in the life cycle of human happiness and well-being ( a 'U shape'). Yet no genuinely longitudinal inquiry has uncovered evidence for a U-shaped pattern. Thus, some researchers believe the U is a statistical artefact. We re-examine this fundamental cross-disciplinary question. We suggest a new test. Drawing on four data sets, and only within-person changes in well-being, we document powerful support for a U shape in longitudi...
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作者：Shachat, Jason; Zhang, Zhenxuan
作者单位：Durham University; People's Bank of China
摘要：We report on an experiment investigating whether the Hayek hypothesis ( Smith, 1982) extends to the long-run setting. We consider two environments; one with a production technology having a U-shaped long-run average cost curve and a single competitive equilibrium, and another with a constant long-run average cost curve. We present alternative efficient production plans as a menu of fixed and marginal cost pairs. In both environments, we observe convergence to long-run competitive equilibrium p...
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作者：Bryson, Alex; MacKerron, George
作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; University of Sussex
摘要：Using a new data source permitting individuals to record their well-being via a smartphone, we explore within-person variance in individuals' well-being measured momentarily at random points in time. We find paid work is ranked lower than any of the other 39 activities individuals can report engaging in, with the exception of being sick in bed. Precisely how unhappy one is while working varies significantly with where you work; whether you are combining work with other activities; whether you ...
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作者：Clingingsmith, David
作者单位：University System of Ohio; Case Western Reserve University
摘要：Scholars have conjectured that the return to speaking a language increases with the number of speakers. Long-run economic and political integration would accentuate this advantage, increasing the population share of the largest languages. I show that, to the contrary, language size and growth are uncorrelated except for very small languages (< 35,000 speakers). I develop a model of local language coordination over a network. The steady-state distribution of language sizes follows a power law a...
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作者：Wang, Pengfei; Wen, Yi; Xu, Zhiwei
作者单位：Hong Kong University of Science & Technology; Federal Reserve System - USA; Tsinghua University; Shanghai Jiao Tong University
摘要：This article shows how underdeveloped financial markets in emerging economies can explain the pattern of two-way capital flows between emerging economies ( such as China) and the developed world ( such as the United States). Our calibrated model reproduces China's rising financial capital outflows and FDI inflows as well as its massive trade imbalances in recent decades. Our model also predicts that global trade imbalances may be sustainable even in the long run and the conventional wisdom tha...
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作者：Balafoutas, Loukas; Kerschbamer, Rudolf; Sutter, Matthias
作者单位：University of Innsbruck; University of Cologne
摘要：In a field experiment in the market for taxi rides we investigate a phenomenon called second-degree moral hazard - the tendency of the supply side in a market to react to anticipated moral hazard on the demand side by increasing the extent or price of the service. Our moral hazard manipulation consists of some passengers explicitly stating that their expenses will be reimbursed. This has a strong positive effect on the likelihood and the amount of overcharging and consequently increases consum...
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作者：De Haan, Monique
作者单位：University of Oslo
摘要：This article investigates the effect of a policy measure that gives secondary schools additional resources for low-ability pupils. Schools are free in deciding how to spend the additional money. I use a non-parametric bounds analysis to estimate upper and lower bounds on the effect of additional funds on examination results of pupils. First, I investigate what can be concluded without imposing assumptions; next I layer weak non-parametric assumptions to tighten the bounds. The tightest bounds ...
