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作者：Combes, Jean-Louis; Debrun, Xavier; Minea, Alexandru; Tapsoba, Rene
作者单位：Universite Clermont Auvergne (UCA); International Monetary Fund; Universite de Orleans; Carleton University
摘要：We examine how inflation targeting (IT) and fiscal rules (FR) affect inflation and fiscal performance in a large panel of countries during 1990-2009. In line with theory, both FR and IT appear to shape monetary and fiscal outcomes. Significant cross-effects seem to exist as IT strengthens fiscal performance, whereas the combination of FR and IT tends to be associated with more disciplined macroeconomic policies than if only one of these institutions operates. Our findings suggest that IT and F...
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作者：Amodio, Francesco; Di Maio, Michele
作者单位：McGill University; Parthenope University Naples
摘要：This article investigates whether conflict induces distortions in the functioning and accessibility of markets for production inputs and in their allocation among firms. We study firm operations and outcomes in the context of Palestine during the Second Intifada. We analyse input usage over time across districts experiencing differential changes in conflict intensity. Conflict induces firms to substitute domestically produced materials for imported ones. Counterfactual analyses show that this ...
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作者：Choy, James P.
作者单位：University of Warwick
摘要：Many societies are divided into multiple smaller groups. Certain kinds of interaction are more likely to take place within a group than across groups. I model a reputation effect that enforces these divisions. People who are observed to interact with members of different groups are believed to be less trustworthy by members of their own group. A hierarchical relationship between groups appears endogenously in equilibrium. The information requirements for my equilibrium to exist are much less d...
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作者：Cheng, Yuk-Shing; Chung, Kim-Sau
作者单位：Hong Kong Baptist University
摘要：After nearly four decades, China's rural land tenure arrangement remains by and large how it looked like at the beginning of the economic reform. Rural land remains collectively owned. Peasants contract land from collectives, with their tenure insecure, and their transfer rights restricted. If such an arrangement was deemed a historical legacy at the beginning of the reform, it now looks more and more like a constrained efficient design by historical accident. This article suggests the constra...
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作者：Calzolari, Giacomo; Ichino, Andrea; Manaresi, Francesco; Nellas, Viki
作者单位：University of Bologna; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR); IZA Institute Labor Economics; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; European Central Bank; Bank of Italy
摘要：We measure precisely how competition limits the capacity of sellers to appropriate surplus from less elastic consumers. The evidence originates from pricing strategies of Italian pharmacists in response to exogenous inflows of parents of newborn babies among their buyers. Population-based laws allow us to use a regression discontinuity design to compare different competitive environments. While more newborn babies have no effect on the price of hygiene products under intense competition, we ob...
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作者：Panagopoulos, Andreas; Park, In-Uck
作者单位：University of Crete; University of Bristol; Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU)
摘要：We analyse a sequential innovation model and show that relatively narrow patent rights can facilitate a market in which startups' patents are traded as negotiating assets. In this market, the trade of patents, on top of monopoly profits, conveys an extra surplus from the patents' capacity to affect future tech-transfer negotiations. This surplus, which stems from a patent's potential ability to exclude infringers and the corresponding enforcement spillovers that patents confer, may incentivise...
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作者：Cohn, Alain; Marechal, Michel Andre
作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; University of Zurich
摘要：Laboratory experiments provide insights into the drivers of cheating behaviour, but it is unclear to what extent cheating in the laboratory generalises to the field. We conducted an experiment with middle and high school students to test whether a common laboratory measure of cheating predicts three types of school misconduct: (i) disruptiveness in class; (ii) homework non-completion; and (iii) absenteeism. We find that students who cheat in the experimental task are more likely to misbehave a...
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作者：Suesse, Marvin
作者单位：Trinity College Dublin
摘要：This article investigates the effect of prospective secessions on economic integration and growth by examining the break-up of the Soviet Union in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Firstly, I show theoretically how regional elites had an incentive to restrict domestic trade once secession from the Union became possible. Secondly, I show empirically that the increased likelihood of secessions by the Union's member republics strongly cut domestic trade. Thirdly, I show how this explains the severi...
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作者：Beach, Brian; Hanlon, W. Walker
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; William & Mary; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Air pollution was severe in the nineteenth century, yet its health consequences are often overlooked due to a lack of pollution data. We offer a new approach for inferring local coal use levels based on local industrial structure and industry-specific coal use intensity. This allows us to provide the first estimates of the mortality effects of British industrial coal use in 1851-60. Exploiting wind patterns for identification, we find that a one standard deviation increase in coal use raised i...
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作者：Angelucci, Manuela; De Giorgi, Giacomo; Rasul, Imran
作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; ICREA; Barcelona School of Economics; Autonomous University of Barcelona; University of London; University College London
摘要：This article examines a novel motive for resource pooling in family networks in rural economies: to relax credit constraints and facilitate investment in non-collateraliseable assets for which credit market imperfections are most binding. We thus complement established literatures examining risk-sharing motives for resource transfers within family networks, as well as motives based on kinship tax obligations. We do so exploiting the Progresa programme data, in which family networks can be iden...
