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作者：Fitzsimons, Emla; Malde, Bansi; Vera-Hernandez, Marcos
作者单位：University of London; University College London; UCL Institute of Education; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; University of Kent; University of London; University College London
摘要：This paper studies the relationship between group size and informal risk sharing. It shows that under limited commitment with coalitional deviations, this relationship is theoretically ambiguous. It investigates this question empirically using data on sibship size of household heads and spouses from rural Malawi, exploiting a social norm among the main sample ethnic group to define the potential risk-sharing group. We uncover evidence of worse risk sharing of crop losses in larger potential ri...
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作者：Boserup, Simon Halphen; Kopczuk, Wojciech; Kreiner, Claus Thustrup
作者单位：University of Copenhagen; Columbia University; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR); Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR)
摘要：We use Danish wealth records from three decades to characterise wealth inequality in childhood, where the main source of wealth is transfers. Wealth holdings are small in childhood but they have strong predictive power for future wealth in adulthood. At age 18, asset holdings of children are more informative than parental wealth in predicting wealth of children when they are in their 40s. We investigate why and rule out that childhood wealth in itself can accumulate enough to explain later wea...
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作者：Sher, Itai
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Irvine
摘要：This article develops a formal approach to evaluating freedom in interactive settings based on the literatures on preference for flexibility and measurement of diversity. The approach posits that the value of freedom has an instrumental component - grounded in preferences - and an intrinsic component. The philosophical justification of the approach is considered and potential conflicts between freedom and efficiency are explored. On a technical level, the article extends the notion of a divers...
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作者：Almas, Ingvild; Armand, Alex; Attanasio, Orazio; Carneiro, Pedro
作者单位：Stockholm University; Norwegian School of Economics (NHH); University of Navarra; University of London; University College London; University of London; University College London; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：This article uses a novel identification strategy to measure power in the household. Our strategy is to elicit women's willingness to pay to receive a cash transfer instead of their spouse receiving it. We selected participants from a sample of women who had already participated in a policy intervention in Macedonia offering poor households cash transfers conditional on having their children attending secondary school. The programme randomised transfers at the municipality level to either hous...
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作者：Long, Jason; Ferrie, Joseph
作者单位：Northwestern University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Nearly all intergenerational mobility studies focus on fathers and sons. The possibility that the process is more than simply two-generational (AR(1)) has been difficult to assess because of the lack of the necessary multi-generational data. We remedy this shortcoming with new data that links grandfathers, fathers and sons in Britain and the US between 1850 and 1910. We find that grandfathers mattered: even controlling for father's occupation, grandfather's occupation significantly influenced ...
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作者：Bahar, Dany; Rapoport, Hillel
作者单位：Brookings Institution; Paris School of Economics
摘要：The diffusion of tacit knowledge involves direct human interactions. This implies that the international diffusion of knowledge should follow the pattern of international migration. We test this idea using cross-country productivity spillovers leading to new exports as proxy for knowledge diffusion. We find that a 10% increase in immigration from exporters of a given product is associated with a 2% increase in the likelihood that the host country starts exporting that good from scratch' in the...
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作者：Weinzierl, Matthew
作者单位：Harvard University
摘要：This article incorporates into modern optimal tax theory the classical logic of benefit-based taxation in which an individual's benefit from the activities of the state is tied to his or her income-earning ability. First-best optimal policy is characterised analytically as depending on a few potentially estimable statistics. Constrained optimal policy, with a Pareto-efficient objective that trades off this principle and conventional utilitarianism, is simulated using conventional constraints a...
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作者：Solon, Gary
作者单位：University of Arizona
摘要：Multigenerational mobility' refers to the associations in socio-economic status across three or more generations. This article begins by summarising the long-standing but recently growing empirical literature on multigenerational mobility. It then discusses multiple theoretical interpretations of the empirical patterns, including the one recently proposed in Gregory Clark's book The Son Also Rises.
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作者：Guell, Maia; Mora, Jose V. Rodriguez; Solon, Gary
作者单位：University of Edinburgh; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; IZA Institute Labor Economics; Alan Turing Institute; University of Edinburgh; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR); University of Arizona; National Bureau of Economic Research
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作者：Feigenbaum, James J.
作者单位：Boston University
摘要：Was intergenerational economic mobility high in the early twentieth century in the US? Comparisons of mobility across time are complicated by the constraints of the data available. I match fathers from the Iowa State Census of 1915 to their sons in the 1940 Federal Census, the first state and federal censuses with data on income and years of education. I can estimate intergenerational mobility between 1915 and 1940 based on earnings, education, occupation, and names. Across all these measures,...
