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作者：Braham, Matthew; van Hees, Martin
作者单位：University of Hamburg; Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
摘要：Institutional rules create difficulties for the allocation of moral responsibility. One problem is the existence of responsibility voids, i.e. situations in which an outcome results from individual interactions but for which no one is responsible. Another is that responsibility can be fragmented in the sense that responsibility-bearing individuals may be responsible for different features of the outcome. This study examines both problems together. We show that for a large class of situations t...
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作者：Clemens, Michael A.; McKenzie, David
作者单位：The World Bank
摘要：While measured remittances by migrant workers have recently soared, macroeconomic studies have difficulty detecting their effect on economic growth. We propose three new explanations for this puzzle. First, a large majority of the recent rise in measured remittances may be illusory - arising from changes in measurement. Second, cross-country regressions may lack power to detect such growth effects. Third, remittances rise primarily with rising emigration, whose opportunity cost to GDP creates ...
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作者：Kerr, Sari Pekkala; Kerr, William R.
作者单位：Harvard University; Wellesley College; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We study the prevalence and traits of global collaborative patents for US public companies, where the inventor team is located both within and outside of the US. Collaborative patents are frequently observed when a corporation is entering into a new foreign region for innovative work, especially in settings where intellectual property protection is weak. We also connect collaborative patents to the ethnic composition of the firm's US inventors and cross-border mobility of inventors within the ...
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作者：Bennett, Daniel; Naqvi, Asjad; Schmidt, Wolf-Peter
作者单位：University of Southern California; Vienna University of Economics & Business; University of London; London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
摘要：Information provision is only an effective behaviour-change strategy if the information is credible. A novel programme augments conventional hygiene instruction by showing participants everyday microbes under a microscope. Through a randomised evaluation in Pakistan, we show that this programme leads to meaningful hygiene and health improvements, while instruction alone does not. Traditional medicine, which offers an alternative disease model, may undermine learning by strengthening prior beli...
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作者：Arneson, Richard
作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Diego
摘要：Equality of opportunity is widely endorsed but subject to conflicting interpretations. This article identifies four non-equivalent interpretations of the equality of opportunity ideal. Under scrutiny, all are contestable. The suggestion is broached that equality opportunity norms are best regarded as, in some circumstances, means to further justice goals, never rather as in themselves morally desirable.
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作者：Adermon, Adrian; Lindahl, Mikael; Waldenstrom, Daniel
作者单位：Uppsala University; University of Gothenburg; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR)
摘要：This study estimates intergenerational wealth correlations across up to four generations and examines the degree to which the wealth association between parents and children can be explained by inheritances. Using a Swedish data set with newly hand-collected data on wealth and bequests, we find parent-child rank correlations of 0.3-0.4 and grandparent-grandchild rank correlations of 0.1-0.2. Bequests and gifts appear to be central in this process, accounting for at least half of the parent-chi...
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作者：Lee, Sang Yoon (Tim); Seshadri, Ananth
作者单位：Universite de Toulouse; Universite Toulouse 1 Capitole; Toulouse School of Economics; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR); University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison
摘要：We employ equality of opportunity (EOP) definitions from the literature on distributive justice to a quantitative model featuring intergenerational human capital investments and luck. When calibrated to the US, the model-implied degree of EOP differs substantially depending on whether one considers it ethical to reward offspring for the effort of previous generations. Despite reducing intragenerational inequality, education subsidies do little to promote EOP. This is because if one thinks inte...
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作者：Ozden, Caglar; Rapoport, Hillel
作者单位：Paris School of Economics; The World Bank
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作者：Guell, Maia; Pellizzari, Michele; Pica, Giovanni; Mora, Jose V. Rodriguez
作者单位：Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; University of Edinburgh; IZA Institute Labor Economics; University of Geneva; University of Milan; Alan Turing Institute; University of Edinburgh; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR)
摘要：We construct comparable measures of intergenerational mobility (IM) for 103 Italian provinces using the methodology of Guell etal. (2007, 2015a) and explore their correlation with a variety of social and economic outcomes. We find that higher IM is positively associated with economic activity, education and social capital and negatively correlated with inequality. Moreover, there is no clear pattern of correlation with other socio-political variables. These results are qualitatively similar to...
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作者：Artuc, Erhan; Ozden, Caglar
作者单位：The World Bank
摘要：The paths of many migrants include multiple destinations and transit routes, yet this pattern is almost never reflected in empirical analyses. For example, 9% of recent immigrants to the US arrived from a transit country as opposed to the one they were born in. Among those arriving from many OECD countries, transit migration ratio exceeds 30%. To explain these patterns, we construct a dynamic model of global migration that allows transit migration opportunities to impact the attractiveness of ...
