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作者：Lavy, Victor; Sand, Edith
作者单位：Hebrew University of Jerusalem; National Bureau of Economic Research; Bank of Israel
摘要：We investigate the impacts separating students in Israel from pre-existing social relationships during the transition from elementary to middle school on their academic progress. We define several types of friendships using students' self-defined friendship nomination and rely for identification on the random assignment of students to classes within a given school. Our results suggest that the number of friends has positive or negative effects on students' educational outcomes, depending on th...
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作者：Christensen, Jens H. E.; Krogstrup, Signe
作者单位：International Monetary Fund
摘要：This article presents empirical evidence of a reserve-induced transmission channel of quantitative easing to long-term interest rates. Reserve-induced effects are independent of the assets purchased and run through the impact of reserve expansions on bank balance sheets and the resulting bank portfolio rebalancing. For evidence, we analyse the reaction of Swiss long-term government bond yields to announcements by the Swiss National Bank to expand central bank reserves without acquiring any lon...
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作者：Borjas, George J.; Kauppinen, Ilpo; Poutvaara, Panu
作者单位：Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research; IZA Institute Labor Economics; VATT Institute for Economic Research; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; University of Munich; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut
摘要：The Roy model has more precise predictions about the self-selection of migrants than previously realised. The conditions shown to result in positive or negative selection in terms of expected earnings also imply a stochastic dominance relationship between the earnings distributions of migrants and non-migrants. We test these predictions using the Danish full population administrative data. We find strong evidence of positive self-selection of emigrants in terms of pre-emigration earnings and r...
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作者：Carneiro, Pedro; Galasso, Emanuela; Ginja, Rita
作者单位：University of London; University College London; The World Bank; University of Bergen; Uppsala University
摘要：We study a Chilean programme that combines home visits to households in extreme poverty with guaranteed access to social services. Its goal was to connect marginalised families to the social system to improve their living conditions. Programme impacts are identified using regression discontinuity exploring the fact that eligibility is a discontinuous function of an index of family income and assets. There is no evidence of short or long-term effects on employment or housing. However, we find s...
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作者：Gavrilova, Evelina; Kamada, Takuma; Zoutman, Floris
作者单位：Norwegian School of Economics (NHH); Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); Pennsylvania State University; Pennsylvania State University - University Park
摘要：We show that the introduction of medical marijuana laws (MMLs) leads to a decrease in violent crime in states that border Mexico. The reduction in crime is strongest for counties close to the border (less than 350 kilometres) and for crimes that relate to drug trafficking. In addition, we find that MMLs in inland states lead to a reduction in crime in the nearest border state. Our results are consistent with the theory that decriminalisation of the production and distribution of marijuana lead...
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作者：Ghosh, Atish R.; Qureshi, Mahvash S.; Tsangarides, Charalambos G.
作者单位：International Monetary Fund
摘要：Milton Friedman argued that flexible exchange rates facilitate external adjustment. Recent studies find surprisingly little robust evidence that they do. We argue that this is because they use composite ('multilateral') exchange rate regime classifications, which often mask heterogeneous bilateral relationships between countries. Constructing a novel bilateral exchange rate regimes data set for 181 countries over 1980-2011, we find a statistically strong relationship between exchange rate flex...
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作者：Dupas, Pascaline; Keats, Anthony; Robinson, Jonathan
作者单位：Wesleyan University; University of California System; University of California Santa Cruz
摘要：The welfare impact of expanding access to bank accounts depends on whether accounts crowd Out pre-existing financial relationships, or whether private gains from accounts are shared within social networks. In this experiment, we provided free bank accounts to a random subset of 885 households. Across households, we document positive spillovers: treatment households become less reliant on grown children and siblings living outside their village, and become more supportive of neighbours and frie...
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作者：Galama, Titus J.; van Kippersluis, Hans
作者单位：University of Southern California; Erasmus University Rotterdam - Excl Erasmus MC; Erasmus University Rotterdam; Tinbergen Institute; Chinese University of Hong Kong
摘要：Motivated by the observation that medical care explains only a relatively small part of the sock)economic status (SES)-health gradient, we present a life-cycle model that incorporates several additional behaviours that potentially explain (jointly) a large part of observed disparities. As a result, the model provides not only a conceptual framework for the SES-health gradient but more generally an improved framework for the production of health. We derive novel predictions from the theory by p...
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作者：Berg, Erlend; Ghatak, Maitreesh; Manjula, R.; Rajasekhar, D.; Roy, Sanchari
作者单位：University of Bristol; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; University of London; King's College London
摘要：This article studies the interaction of incentive pay with intrinsic motivation and social distance. We analyse theoretically as well as empirically the effect of incentive pay when agents have not only pro-social objectives but also preferences over dealing with one social group relative to another. In a randomised field experiment undertaken across 1151 villages in South India, local agents were hired to spread information about a public health insurance programme. In the absence of incentiv...
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作者：Albrecht, James; Robayo-Abril, Monica; Vroman, Susan
作者单位：Georgetown University; The World Bank
摘要：We extend the Diamond-Mortensen-Pissarides model of equilibrium unemployment to incorporate public-sector employment. We calibrate our model to Colombian data and analyse the effects of public-sector wage and employment policy on the unemployment rate, on the division of employment between the private and public sectors, and on the distributions of wages in the two sectors.
