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作者：Guirkinger, Catherine; Aldashev, Gani; Aldashev, Alisher; Fodor, Mate
作者单位：University of Namur; Universite Libre de Bruxelles; Kazakh British Technical University; Satbayev University
摘要：We study the long-run persistence of relative economic well-being under adverse government policies using a combination of historical and contemporaneous data from Kyrgyzstan. After controlling for unobservable local effects, the economic well-being of Kyrgyz households in the 2010s correlates with the early twentieth-century average wealth of their tribes. Inequality at the tribe level in the 2010s correlates with wealth inequality in the early twentieth century. The likely channels of persis...
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作者：Garcia-Uribe, Sandra
作者单位：Banco de Espana
摘要：This paper studies the effects of anticipations of tax changes on economic activity through the release of tax news in the media in the United States. I provide a measure of anticipations by exploiting the content of television news. This information typically flows faster than standard measures of gross domestic product, thus I propose a mixed frequency dynamic factor model to estimate both the economic activity latent factor and the effects of anticipated tax shocks on it. I find that one-mo...
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作者：Acharya, Sushant; Bengui, Julien; Dogra, Keshav; Wee, Shu Lin
作者单位：Bank of Canada; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - New York
摘要：We analyse monetary policy in a model where temporary shocks can permanently scar the economy's productive capacity. Workers lose skill while unemployed and are costly to retrain, generating multiple steady-state unemployment rates. Following a large shock, unless monetary policy acts aggressively and quickly enough to prevent a significant rise in unemployment, hiring falls to a point where the economy recovers slowly at best-at worst, it falls into a permanent unemployment trap. Monetary pol...
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作者：De Jaegher, Kris
作者单位：Utrecht University
摘要：A model is presented where the welfare of contributors to a public good can increase when they face an adversary who ex post sabotages their efforts. It is a best response for the adversary to maximally sabotage the smallest effort, thus increasing a defector's marginal product of effort. This creates a kink in the individual contributor's payoff function around the equilibrium effort, which can lock contributors into exerting high effort. For a sufficiently large degree of complementarity bet...
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作者：Kunn, Steffen; Seel, Christian; Zegners, Dainis
作者单位：Maastricht University; Erasmus University Rotterdam; Erasmus University Rotterdam - Excl Erasmus MC
摘要：During the COVID-19 pandemic, traditional (offline) chess tournaments were prohibited and instead held online. We exploit this unique setting to assess the impact of remote work policies on the cognitive performance of individuals. Using the artificial intelligence embodied in a powerful chess engine to assess the quality of chess moves and associated errors, we find a statistically and economically significant decrease in performance when an individual competes remotely versus offline in a fa...
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作者：Gsottbauer, Elisabeth; Mueller, Daniel; Mueller, Samuel; Trautmann, Stefan T.; Zudenkova, Galina
作者单位：University of Innsbruck; University of Munich; University of Mannheim; Ruprecht Karls University Heidelberg; Tilburg University; Dortmund University of Technology
摘要：Are individuals of higher socio-economic status less ethical than those of lower status? Highly popularised research findings claim that this is the case. This paper provides evidence against this claim, based on data from two large survey experiments with more than 11,000 participants. We prime social status in two heterogeneous samples of the German population and then elicit ethical behaviour in an incentivised experimental task. Thus, our data allows us to study both correlation (using dem...
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作者：Egger, Hartmut; Kreickemeier, Udo; Moser, Christoph; Wrona, Jens
作者单位：University of Bayreuth; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; University of Gottingen; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; University of Erlangen Nuremberg; University of Duisburg Essen; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut
摘要：We develop a model of international trade with heterogeneous firms and monopsonistically competitive labour markets. We show that due to monopsonistic competition our model makes sharply different predictions about the effects of the export of goods and the offshoring of tasks. Trade in goods is unambiguously welfare increasing as domestic resources are reallocated to large firms with high productivity and firms with low productivities exit the market thereby reducing the monopsony distortion ...
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作者：Hanushek, Eric A.; Kinne, Lavinia; Lergetporer, Philipp; Woessmann, Ludger
作者单位：Stanford University; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; National Bureau of Economic Research; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; Technical University of Munich; University of Munich; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：Patience and risk-taking-two preference components that steer intertemporal decision-making-are fundamental to human capital investment decisions. To understand how they contribute to international skill differences, we combine Programme for International Student Assessment tests with the Global Preference Survey. We find that opposing effects of patience (positive) and risk-taking (negative) together account for two-thirds of the cross-country variation in student skills. In an identification...
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作者：Settele, Sonja; Shupe, Cortnie
作者单位：University of Copenhagen
摘要：We study the role of perceived trade-offs between human lives and economic benefits in shaping policy views. In an online experiment with a representative sample from the United States conducted during the early Covid-19 pandemic, we provide randomised information on the medium-run costs of restricting economic activity to mitigate infections. A one standard deviation lower perceived economic cost of lockdowns increases support by about twice as much as having a Covid at-risk condition, and by...
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作者：He, Haoran; Neumark, David; Weng, Qian
作者单位：Beijing Normal University; University of California System; University of California Irvine; Renmin University of China
摘要：We explore the impact of wage offers on job applications, testing implications of the directed search model and trying to distinguish it from random search. We use a field experiment conducted on a Chinese job board, with real jobs for which we randomly vary the wage offers across three ranges. We find that higher wage offers raise application rates overall, which is consistent with directed search, but can also arise with random search. We also find that higher wage offers raise application r...
