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作者：Halperin, Basil; Ho, Benjamin; List, John A.; Muir, Ian
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Vassar College; University of Chicago
摘要：We use a theory of apologies to design a nationwide field experiment involving 1.5 million Uber ridesharing consumers who experienced late rides. Several insights emerge. First, apologies are not a panacea-the efficacy of an apology and whether it may backfire depend on how the apology is made. Second, across treatments, money speaks louder than words-the best form of apology is to include a coupon for a future trip. Third, in some cases sending an apology is worse than sending nothing at all,...
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作者：Hoopes, Jeffrey L.; Langetieg, Patrick; Nagel, Stefan; Reck, Daniel; Slemrod, Joel; Stuart, Bryan A.
作者单位：University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill; University of Chicago; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Philadelphia
摘要：Using United States tax return data containing the universe of individual taxable stock sales from 2008 to 2009, we examine which individuals increased their sale of stocks following episodes of market tumult. We find that the increase was disproportionately concentrated among investors in the top 1% and top 0.1% of the overall income distribution, retired individuals and individuals at the very top of the dividend income distribution. Our estimates suggest that, following the day when Lehman ...
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作者：Lewbel, Arthur; Pendakur, Krishna
作者单位：Boston College; Simon Fraser University
摘要：We propose a model of consumption inefficiency in collective households. Inefficiency depends on a 'cooperation factor', which can also affect both the allocation of resources within a household and the utility of household members. Households are conditionally efficient, conditioning on the value of the cooperation factor. This lets us exploit convenient modelling features of efficient households (like not needing to specify the bargaining process), while still accounting for, and measuring t...
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作者：Sonin, Konstantin; Wright, Austin L.
作者单位：University of Chicago; HSE University (National Research University Higher School of Economics)
摘要：Information operations are considered a central element of modern warfare and counter-insurgency, yet there remains little systematic evidence of their effectiveness. Using a geographic quasi-experiment conducted during Operation Enduring Freedom in Afghanistan, we demonstrate that civilians exposed to the government's information campaign resulted in more civilian security cooperation, which in turn increased bomb neutralisations. These results are robust to a number of alternative model spec...
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作者：Gagliarducci, Stefano; Paserman, M. Daniele
作者单位：University of Rome Tor Vergata; IZA Institute Labor Economics; Boston University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
摘要：This paper uses data on bill co-sponsorship in the U.S. House of Representatives to estimate gender differences in cooperative behaviour. We find that among Democrats there is no significant gender gap in the number of co-sponsors recruited, but women-sponsored bills tend to have fewer co-sponsors from the opposite party. On the other hand, we find robust evidence that Republican women recruit more co-sponsors and attract more bipartisan support on the bills that they sponsor. We interpret the...
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作者：Li, Shengyu; Zhang, Hongsong
作者单位：University of New South Wales Sydney; University of Hong Kong
摘要：In this paper we investigate the impact of external monitoring from the government on state-owned enterprise performance, using the variation in monitoring strength arising from a nationwide policy change and firms' geographic location in China. We utilise a structural approach to estimate input prices and productivity separately at the firm level using commonly available production data. We show that enhanced external monitoring, as a key component of corporate governance, can substantially r...
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作者：Romero, Mauricio; Sandefur, Justin
作者单位：Instituto Tecnologico Autonomo de Mexico
摘要：Outsourcing the management of ninety-three randomly-selected government primary schools in Liberia to eight private operators led to learning gains of 0.18 sigma after one year, but these effects plateaued in subsequent years (reaching 0.2 sigma after three years). Beyond learning gains, the programme reduced corporal punishment (by 4.6 percentage points from a base of 51%), but increased dropout (by 3.3 percentage points from a base of 15%) and failed to reduce sexual abuse. Despite facing si...
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作者：Franjo, Luis; Pouokam, Nathalie; Turino, Francesco
作者单位：Universitat d'Alacant; International Monetary Fund
摘要：This paper assesses the extent to which financial development and informality are related, and how this relation translates into differences in GDP and TFP across countries. To this end, we develop a quantitative life-cycle general equilibrium model of occupational choice with imperfect tax enforcement, in which informal entrepreneurs have no access to credit and face an endogenous probability of being caught for tax evasion. Our quantitative analysis shows that the degree of financial frictio...
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作者：Hefti, Andreas; Liu, Shuo; Schmutzler, Armin
作者单位：University of Zurich; Zurich University of Applied Sciences; Peking University; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
摘要：Existing literature has argued that firms benefit from confusing consumers of homogeneous goods. This paper shows that this insight generally breaks down with differentiated goods and heterogeneous preferences: with polarised taste distributions, firms fully educate consumers. In cases where firms nevertheless confuse consumers, the welfare consequences are worse than for homogeneous goods, as consumers choose dominated options. Similar insights are also obtained for political contests, in whi...
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作者：Bajo-Buenestado, Raul; Borrella-Mas, Miguel Angel
作者单位：University of Navarra; Rice University; University of Navarra
摘要：A large body of literature has examined the impact of the horizontal market structure on the tax incidence on consumers. However, the extent to which the vertical market structure affects the tax pass-through-which might be particularly relevant in the presence of the double marginalisation problem-is an unexplored question. Using a confidential dataset of gas station contracts with a major Spanish refiner, in combination with their retail fuel prices and characteristics, we document that the ...
