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作者：Anukriti, S.; Bhalotra, Sonia; Tam, Eddy H. F.
作者单位：The World Bank; University of Essex; University of Oxford
摘要：Access to prenatal sex-detection technology in India has led to a phenomenal increase in abortion of girls. We find that it has also narrowed the gender gap in under-five mortality, consistent with surviving girls being more wanted than aborted girls. For every three aborted girls, one additional girl survived to age five. Mechanisms include moderation of son-biased fertility stopping and narrowing of gender gaps in parental investments. However, surviving girls are more likely to be born in l...
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作者：Battisti, Michele; Peri, Giovanni; Romiti, Agnese
作者单位：University of Glasgow; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; IZA Institute Labor Economics; University of California System; University of California Davis; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Strathclyde
摘要：In this paper we investigate how co-ethnic networks affect the economic success of immigrants. Using longitudinal data of immigrants in Germany and including a large set of fixed effects and pre-migration controls to address the possible endogeneity of initial location, we find that immigrants in districts with larger co-ethnic networks are more likely to be employed soon after arrival. This advantage fades after four years, as migrants located in places with smaller co-ethnic networks catch u...
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作者：Blouin, Arthur
作者单位：University of Toronto
摘要：Can divide-and-rule colonial policy be responsible for contemporary ethnic tension? This paper empirically investigates the role of a divisive and extractive colonial policy on Hutu-Tutsi discord in Rwanda and Burundi. It shows that Hutu with a family history of subjugation to forced labour by Tutsi chiefs are less trusting of Tutsi today and less willing to partner with Tutsi for a cooperative task. This may have implications for agriculture insurance agreements because Hutu are more agrarian...
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作者：He, YingHua; Magnac, Thierry
作者单位：Rice University; Universite de Toulouse; Universite Toulouse 1 Capitole
摘要：A matching market often requires recruiting agents, or 'programmes', to costly screen 'applicants', and congestion increases with the number of applicants to be screened. We investigate the role of application costs: higher costs reduce congestion by discouraging applicants from applying to certain programmes; however, they may harm match quality. In a multiple-elicitation experiment conducted in a real-life matching market, we implement variants of the Gale-Shapley deferred-acceptance mechani...
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作者：Ronayne, David; Taylor, Greg
作者单位：University of Oxford
摘要：We study strategic interactions in markets in which firms sell to consumers both directly and via a competitive channel, such as a price comparison website or marketplace, where multiple sellers' offers are visible at once. We ask how a competitive channel's size influences market outcomes when some consumers have limited price information. A bigger competitive channel means that more consumers compare prices, increasing within-channel competition. However, we show that such seemingly pro-comp...
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作者：Durrmeyer, Isis
作者单位：Universite de Toulouse; Universite Toulouse 1 Capitole
摘要：I quantify the welfare and environmental gains and losses from a policy establishing an environmental tax/subsidy for new cars in France in 2008. I estimate a structural model of demand and supply that features heterogeneity in consumer preferences to go beyond the average policy effects and analyse distributional aspects. The policy reduces average carbon emissions by 1.6% at the cost of additional emissions of local pollutants. The regulation favours middle-income individuals but has redistr...
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作者：Camous, Antoine; Matveev, Dmitry
作者单位：University of Mannheim; Bank of Canada
摘要：How should independent central banks react if pressured by fiscal policymakers? We contrast the implications of two monetary frameworks: one, where the central bank follows a standard rule aiming exclusively at price stability against the other, where monetary policy additionally leans against fiscal influence. The latter rule improves economic outcomes by providing appropriate incentives to the fiscal authority. More importantly, the additional fiscal conditionality can enhance the credibilit...
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作者：Meinen, Philipp; Soares, Ana Cristina
作者单位：Deutsche Bundesbank; Banco de Portugal
摘要：This paper analyses the impact of financial frictions on markup adjustments at the firm level. We use a rich panel data set that matches information on banking relationships with firm-level data. By relying on insights from recent contributions in the literature, we obtain exogenous credit supply shifters and markups that are both firm specific and time varying. We uncover new findings at this level. In particular, firms more exposed to liquidity risks tend to raise markups in response to nega...
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作者：Bauer, Michael D.; Lakdawala, Aeimit; Mueller, Philippe
作者单位：University of Hamburg; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR); Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; Wake Forest University; University of Warwick
摘要：Uncertainty about future policy rates plays a crucial role for the transmission of monetary policy to financial markets. We demonstrate this using event studies of FOMC announcements and a new model-free uncertainty measure based on derivatives. Over the 'FOMC uncertainty cycle' announcements systematically resolve uncertainty, which then gradually ramps up again. Changes in monetary policy uncertainty around FOMC announcements-often due to forward guidance-have pronounced effects on asset pri...
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作者：Ponczek, Vladimir; Ulyssea, Gabriel
作者单位：Getulio Vargas Foundation; University of London; University College London
摘要：How does enforcement of labour regulations shape the labour market effects of trade? We combine local economic shocks generated by the unilateral trade liberalisation in Brazil and enforcement variation across regions to show that regions with stricter enforcement observed: (i) lower informality; (ii) larger losses in overall employment; (iii) greater reductions in the number of formal plants. Regions with weaker enforcement experienced opposite effects. All these effects are concentrated on l...
