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作者：Exley, Christine L.; Kessler, Judd B.
作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; University of Pennsylvania
摘要：A rich literature finds that individuals avoid information and suggests that avoidance is driven by image concerns. This paper provides the first direct test of whether individuals avoid information because of image concerns. We build on a classic paradigm, introducing control conditions that make minimal changes to eliminate the role of image concerns while keeping other key features of the environment unchanged. Data from 6,421 experimental subjects shows that image concerns play a role in d...
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作者：Kitchens, Carl T.; Rodgers, Luke P.
作者单位：State University System of Florida; Florida State University; State University System of Florida; Florida State University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Using variation in crop prices induced by large swings in demand surrounding World War I, we examine the fertility response to crop revenue increases from 1910 to 1930. Our estimates indicate that agricultural price increases reduced fertility, explaining about 9% of the overall decline in fertility over the period. The effect persists years after the collapse of the war boom. Importantly, we show that fertility declines were concentrated in farm women and fertility declined along intensive an...
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作者：Charness, Gary; Grieco, Daniela
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara; University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara; University of Milan
摘要：We investigate which form of corporate culture is most effective in enhancing individual performance in creative tasks conducted in group settings. We combine a series of experiments with a questionnaire on corporate values to test whether performance ranking and incentives succeed in instantiating a creative corporate culture. Being ranked against competitors and setting incentives at the group level serves as a social cue that appears to induce in members a significantly stronger pro-social ...
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作者：Powell-Jackson, Timothy; King, Jessica J. C.; Makungu, Christina; Quaife, Matthew; Goodman, Catherine
作者单位：University of London; London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine; Ifakara Health Institute
摘要：We measure the adoption of management practices in over 220 private for-profit and non-profit health facilities in 64 districts across Tanzania and link these data to process quality-of-care metrics, assessed using undercover standardised patients and clinical observations. We find that better managed health facilities are more likely to provide correct treatment in accordance with national treatment guidelines, adhere to a checklist of essential questions and examinations, and comply with inf...
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作者：Zhou, Xiaoyu; Alysandratos, Theodore; Naef, Michael
作者单位：University of Erlangen Nuremberg; Ruprecht Karls University Heidelberg; Durham University
摘要：This paper provides novel evidence for links between historic farming practices and current norms of cooperative behaviour. We hypothesise that the cooperation required in wetland rice farming gives rise to strong cultural norms of cooperativeness. We compare participants from prefecture cities that predominately practice wetland rice cultivation to those from non-rice regions. A public goods game with and without punishment is the main measure for cooperative behaviour. Results indicate a str...
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作者：Feng, Xiangyu; Jaimovich, Nir; Rao, Krishna; Terry, Stephen J.; Vincent, Nicolas
作者单位：Xiamen University; University of California System; University of California San Diego; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR); National Bureau of Economic Research; Boston University; Universite de Montreal; HEC Montreal
摘要：Exploiting data on tens of millions of housing transactions, we show that (1) house prices grew by less in manufacturing-heavy US regions, (2) this pattern is especially present for the lowest-value homes and that (3) price declines coincided with worse labour market outcomes, consistent with an income channel. Counterfactual accounting exercises reveal that regional differences in the growth of these lowest-value homes are an important driver of the changes in overall house price inequality. ...
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作者：Chen, Liang; Choo, Eugene
作者单位：Yale NUS College; Zhejiang University; Yale NUS College
摘要：Marriage matching markets typically involve heterogenous agents participating in a dynamic, non-stationary environment. These features pose a considerable modelling challenge. In this paper, we develop a new parametric model of dynamic marriage that allows for market non-stationarity using a system of transitionary equilibria. We propose a method to identify and parametrically estimate the model by representing the model equilibrium with a fixed-point mapping. We apply our model to investigate...
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作者：Dueben, Christian; Krause, Melanie
作者单位：University of Hamburg; Helmut Schmidt University; University of Hamburg; Leipzig University
摘要：The emergence of cities in specific locations depends on both geographical features (such as elevation and proximity to rivers) and institutional factors (such as centrality within an administrative region). In this paper, we analyse the importance of these factors at different levels of the urban hierarchy. To do so, we exploit a unique data set on the locations of cities of different status in imperial China from 221 BCE to 1911 CE, a geographically diverse empire with a long history of cent...
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作者：Mbiti, Isaac; Romero, Mauricio; Schipper, Youdi
作者单位：University of Virginia; National Bureau of Economic Research; IZA Institute Labor Economics; Instituto Tecnologico Autonomo de Mexico
摘要：We use a nationally representative field experiment in Tanzania to compare two teacher performance pay systems in public primary schools: a 'pay-for-percentile' system (a rank-order tournament) and a 'levels' system that features multiple proficiency thresholds. Pay for percentile can potentially induce socially optimal effort among teachers, while levels systems can encourage teachers to focus on students near passing thresholds. Despite the theoretical advantage of the tournament system, we ...
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作者：Cappelen, Alexander W.; Moene, Karl Ove; Skjelbred, Siv-Elisabeth; Tungodden, Bertil
作者单位：University of Oslo
摘要：A long history in economics going back to Adam Smith has argued that people give primacy to merit-rather than luck-in distributive choices. We provide a theoretical framework formalising the merit primacy effect, and study it in a novel experiment where third-party spectators redistribute from high earners to low earners in situations where both merit and luck determine earnings. We identify a strong and consistent merit primacy effect in the spectator behaviour. The results shed new light on ...
