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作者：Brotherhood, Luiz; Herskovic, Bernard; Ramos, Joao
作者单位：University of Barcelona; Getulio Vargas Foundation; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Southern California
摘要：We study whether college admissions should implement quotas for lower-income applicants. We develop an overlapping-generation model and calibrate it to data from Brazil, where such a policy is widely implemented. In our model, parents choose how much to invest in their child's education, thereby increasing both human capital and likelihood of college admission. We find that, in the long run, the optimal income-based affirmative action increases welfare and aggregate output. It improves the poo...
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作者：Breda, Thomas; Grenet, Julien; Monnet, Marion; Van Effenterre, Clementine
作者单位：Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Paris School of Economics; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Paris School of Economics; Universite Bourgogne Europe; University of Toronto
摘要：We show in a large-scale field experiment that a brief exposure to female role models working in scientific fields affects high school students' perceptions and choices of undergraduate major. The classroom interventions reduced the prevalence of stereotypical views on jobs in science and gender differences in abilities. They also made high-achieving girls in grade 12 more likely to enrol in selective and male-dominated science, technology, engineering and mathematics programs in college. Comp...
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作者：Brouwer, Thijs; Galeotti, Fabio; Villeval, Marie Claire
作者单位：Tilburg University; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Ecole Normale Superieure de Lyon (ENS de LYON); Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1; Universite Jean Monnet; Universite Lyon 2; Universita Ca Foscari Venezia; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：We examine the educative role played by parents in social norm transmission. Using a field experiment, we study whether parents enforce and comply more with norms when their children are present compared to when they are not. We compare similar parents when or after they drop off or pick up their children at school. We find that parents accompanying children, in contrast to parents alone, are more likely to punish norm violators and to provide help to strangers when there is no violation. They...
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作者：Holmen, Martin; Holzmeister, Felix; Kirchler, Michael; Stefan, Matthias; Wengstrom, Erik
作者单位：University of Innsbruck; University of Gothenburg; University of Innsbruck; Lund University; Hanken School of Economics
摘要：Based on artefactual field experiments, we investigate whether finance professionals differ from a sample of the working population in terms of industry-relevant preferences and personality traits. When adjusting for socioeconomic characteristics, we find only few and less marked differences: finance professionals are less risk averse, less trustworthy, show higher levels of psychopathy and are more competitive than participants from the general population. In an additional survey, experts wit...
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作者：Lavy, Victor; Rachkovski, Genia; Boiko, Adi
作者单位：University of Warwick; Hebrew University of Jerusalem; National Bureau of Economic Research; Northwestern University; Hebrew University of Jerusalem
摘要：'CEOs' of public schools in many countries have authority and responsibilities that can greatly affect the quality of schooling. This paper estimates the impact of CEOs on student outcomes in Israeli elementary schools. We estimate CEO quality in two ways-once using schools that do not switch CEOs and once using schools that do. We show that switches are exogenous and are not correlated with potential outcomes. CEO quality positively affects students' test scores and behavioural outcomes, with...
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作者：Bertolotti, Fabio; Gavazza, Alessandro; Lanteri, Andrea
作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; Duke University
摘要：We study the role of new-product quality for the dynamics of durable-good expenditures around the Great Recession. We assemble a rich dataset on US new-car markets during 2004-12, combining data on transaction prices with detailed information about vehicles' technical characteristics. During the recession, a reallocation of expenditures away from high-quality new models accounts for a significant decline in the dispersion of expenditures. In turn, car manufacturers introduced new models of low...
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作者：Xu, Wenjian
作者单位：Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Jiao Tong University
摘要：Over 8,000,000 jobs were lost in the Great Recession, creating widespread economic hardship. This paper documents a novel and robust empirical regularity that highly concentrated local labour markets experienced larger employment declines during the Great Recession. Through setting up a model with heterogeneous firms facing idiosyncratic productivity shocks, I show that firm size distribution summarised by the Herfindahl-Hirschman index plays a crucial role in the reallocation of workers, and ...
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作者：Bindler, Anna; Hjalmarsson, Randi; Ketel, Nadine; Mitrut, Andreea
作者单位：University of Cologne; University of Gothenburg; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; IZA Institute Labor Economics; Tinbergen Institute; Stockholm School of Economics
摘要：Dutch victimisation rates increase by 9%-15% immediately upon reaching ages 16 and 18. We disentangle the role of the many rights granted at these ages using offence location data, cross-cohort variation in the minimum legal drinking age driven by a 2014 reform and survey data of alcohol/drug consumption and mobility behaviours. We conclude that access to weak alcohol, bars/clubs and smoking increases victimisation at 16 and that age-18 rights (hard alcohol, marijuana coffee shops) exacerbate ...
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作者：Hauge, Karen Evelyn; Kotsadam, Andreas; Riege, Anine
作者单位：Kingston University; University of Oslo
摘要：We investigate how culture affects gender differences in willingness to compete in a large pre-registered experiment using an epidemiological approach. Our sample of 1,943 Norwegians with parents born in 59 different countries shows a smaller gender gap in willingness to compete among individuals of more gender-equal ancestries. The difference is driven by women with parents from more gender-equal countries wanting to compete more and men with the same ancestry wanting to compete less. The res...
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作者：Bauer, Michal; Cahlikova, Jana; Chytilova, Julie; Roland, Gerard; Zelinsky, Tomas
作者单位：Charles University Prague; Czech Academy of Sciences; Economics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences; Czech Academy of Sciences; Economics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences; Charles University Prague; Czech Academy of Sciences; Economics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences; Czech Academy of Sciences; Economics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences; Charles University Prague; University of Bonn; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR); University of California System; University of California Berkeley; National Bureau of Economic Research; Technical University Kosice; Durham University
摘要：Do members of a majority group systematically shift punishment onto innocent members of an ethnic minority? We introduce an experimental paradigm, punishing the scapegoat game, to measure how injustice affecting a member of one's own group shapes punishment of an unrelated bystander. When no harm is done, we find no evidence of discrimination against the ethnic minority (Roma people in Slovakia). In contrast, when a member of one's own group is harmed, the punishment 'passed' onto innocent ind...
