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作者：Park, Junghum
作者单位：Bank of Lithuania; Vilnius University
摘要：This paper analyses overconfident strategic traders whose private information involves correlated errors. The analysis on the effects of two types of overconfidence-overconfidence in own signals and underconfidence in others' signals-provides richer implications than our typical understanding of overconfidence as follows. First, trading volume decreases (increases) with underconfidence in others' signals (overconfidence in own signals). Second, whereas overconfidence in own signals can explain...
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作者：Houmark, Mikkel Aagaard; Ronda, Victor; Agerbo, Esben; Mortensen, Preben Bo; Rosholm, Michael
作者单位：Aarhus University; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：Socioeconomic status gaps in academic achievement are well documented. We show that a very similar gap exists with respect to genetic differences measured by a polygenic score for educational attainment. The genetic gap increases during elementary school, but only among low-socioeconomic-status children. Consequently, high-polygenic-score children experience the largest achievement growth over the school years, even if they are born in socioeconomic disadvantage. While the socioeconomic status...
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作者：Hagenbach, Jeanne; Kranton, Rachel
作者单位：Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Duke University
摘要：Can competition or cooperation for economic gain affect people's social perceptions of others? This paper experimentally examines this possible link from the economic to the social realm. Subjects engage in a task facing either a tournament or a cooperative pay scheme, after which subjects are asked their social perceptions of their counterparts in the task-how similar they are and how much they have in common. The pay schemes do not affect answers to the subjective similarity measure, but sig...
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作者：Cinnirella, Francesco; Hornung, Erik; Koschnick, Julius
作者单位：University of Bergamo; University of Cologne; University of Southern Denmark
摘要：Economic societies emerged during the late eighteenth century. We argue that these institutions reduced the costs of accessing useful knowledge by adopting, producing and diffusing new ideas. Combining location information for the universe of 3,300 members across active economic societies in Germany with those of patent holders and World's Fair exhibitors, we show that regions with more members were more innovative in the late nineteenth century. This long-lasting effect of societies arguably ...
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作者：Ragan, Kelly Suzanne
作者单位：Stockholm School of Economics
摘要：The introduction of oral contraception ('the pill') was a watershed in fertility control. Yet, the pill's impact on childbearing has been hard to establish due to limited data. I exploit rich data on pill sales across markets and time to characterise how Swedish teens' access to pharmacies shaped pill sales and fertility after the pill's introduction. Pill sales are highly sensitive to pharmacy access, and teen fertility responds strongly to pill sales. The unique data establish an important l...
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作者：Huillery, Elise; Bouguen, Adrien; Charpentier, Axelle; Algan, Yann; Chevallier, Coralie
作者单位：Santa Clara University; Universite PSL; Universite Paris-Dauphine; Hautes Etudes Commerciales (HEC) Paris; Universite PSL; Ecole Normale Superieure (ENS); Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (Inserm)
摘要：This article shows that a four-year mindset intervention in disadvantaged middle schools led to a 0.05-standard-deviation increase in grade point average, associated with more optimistic beliefs, more self-criticism and improved school behaviour. Treatment effects were larger in terms of both grade point average and National Exam results for students with relatively better social, academic and discipline profiles. According to international empirical benchmarks, this mindset intervention is hi...
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作者：Lagios, Nicolas; Meon, Pierre-Guillaume; Tojerow, Ilan
作者单位：Universite Libre de Bruxelles
摘要：We study the electoral impact of protesting against the far right by investigating the demonstrations held during the 2002 French presidential elections against far-right candidate Jean-Marie Le Pen. Instrumenting rally attendance with rainfall while factoring in that some municipalities never host protests, we find that larger protests reduced the number of votes for Le Pen and abstention, while increasing the number of votes for the incumbent president, Jacques Chirac. We find that the effec...
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作者：Antinyan, Armenak; Asatryan, Zareh
作者单位：Leibniz Association; Zentrum fur Europaische Wirtschaftsforschung (ZEW)
摘要：Governments increasingly use nudges to improve tax collection. We synthesise the growing literature on nudging experiments using meta-analytical methods. We find that, relative to the baseline where about a quarter of taxpayers are compliant, simple reminders increase the probability of compliance by 2.7 percentage points, while tax morale and deterrence nudges increase compliance by an additional 1.4 and 3.2 percentage points. Our further results highlight the conditions where nudges are more...
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作者：Estrada, Ricardo; Gignoux, Jeremie; Hatrick, Agustina
作者单位：Paris School of Economics
摘要：We study how the admission of an older schoolmate to an elite secondary school influences the application decisions and admission outcomes of younger students. Our study focuses on the rapid expansion of a nationwide system of highly selective secondary schools in Peru. These schools are free of charge, which enables us to investigate the effect of peers on educational choices in a context with minimal financial barriers. Using a sharp regression discontinuity design, our analysis shows that t...
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作者：Milner, Benjamin
作者单位：University of Alberta
摘要：How does access to public education affect occupational outcomes and intergenerational mobility? The UK's 1870 Education Act, which introduced a public education system in England and Wales, provides a unique historical context in which to explore these questions. Using newly digitised historical records, I find that the Act resulted in significant improvements in school supply and attendance, which in turn improved adult outcomes. In particular, analysis using a regression kink design suggest...
