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作者：Anderson, JE; Bandiera, O
作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; Boston College; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：This paper makes precise the distributional consequences and social efficiency of private enforcement of property rights. Properties of different values are subject to predation and owners choose between self-defense and private enforcement services. A distributional conflict of interest arises as private protection purchased by rich owners deflects predators on low value properties. The market structure of enforcement and development affect the distribution of property income through relative...
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作者：Karp, L
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：Recent papers show that imperfect property rights to a natural resource - a sector-specific factor - can be a source of comparative advantage. In these models, weaker property rights attract labor - the only mobile factor - to the resource sector, increasing the country's comparative advantage for that sector. If capital in addition to labor is mobile, and if the benefits of capital are non-excludable or if the degree of property rights is endogenous, a deterioration of property rights has amb...
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作者：Demombynes, G; Özler, B
作者单位：The World Bank; University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：We examine the effects of local inequality on property and violent crime in South Africa. The findings are consistent with economic theories relating local inequality to property crime and also with sociological theories that imply that inequality leads to crime in general. Burglary rates are 25-43% higher in police precincts that are the wealthiest among their neighbors, suggesting that criminals travel to neighborhoods where the expected returns from burglary are highest. Finally, while we f...
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作者：Straub, S
作者单位：University of Edinburgh
摘要：We build a model of firms' choice between formality and informality. Complying with costly registration procedures allows the firms to benefit from key public goods, enforcement, of property lights and contracts, that make the participation in the formal credit market possible. In a moral hazard framework with credit rationing, their decision is shaped by the interaction between the cost of entry into formality, and the relative efficiency of formal versus informal credit. mechanisms and their...
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作者：Fafchamps, M; Gabre-Madhin, E; Minten, B
作者单位：University of Oxford; The World Bank; Cornell University
摘要：Using detailed trader surveys in Benin, Madagascar, and Malawi, this paper investigates the presence of increasing returns in agricultural trade. After analyzing margins, costs, and value added, we find little evidence of returns to scale. Motorized transport is found more cost effective for large loads on longer distances. But transporters appear to pool quantities from multiple traders. Margin rates show little relationship with transaction size. Personal travel costs are a source of increas...
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作者：Paap, R; Franses, PH; van Dijk, D
作者单位：Erasmus University Rotterdam - Excl Erasmus MC; Erasmus University Rotterdam
摘要：We address the question whether sub-Saharan African countries have lower average growth rates in real GDP per capita than countries in Asia, Latin and Middle America and the Middle East. In contrast to previous studies, countries are no a priori assigned to clusters based on geographical location. Instead, we propose a latent-class panel time series model, which allows a data-based classification of countries into clusters such that within a cluster countries have the same average growth rate....
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作者：Chen, Y; Puttitanun, T
作者单位：University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder; California State University System; San Diego State University
摘要：This paper studies intellectual property rights (IPRs) and innovation in developing countries. A model is developed to illustrate the trade-off between imitating foreign technologies and encouraging domestic innovation in a developing country's choice of IPRs. It is shown that innovations in a developing country increase in its IPRs, and a country's IPRs can depend on its level of development non-monotonically, first decreasing and then increasing. Empirical analysis, with a panel of data for ...
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作者：Aizenman, J
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Santa Cruz; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We identify conditions under which emerging market's capitalists would oppose financial reform in an economy where entrepreneurs can borrow internationally, but foreign agents cannot hold domestic equity. A financial crisis that raises the domestic interest rate may induce the emerging market's capitalists to support opening up the economy to FDI. Even in these circumstances, the emerging market's capitalists would prefer a partial reform to a comprehensive one. If the attitude of capitalists ...
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作者：Schneider, PH
作者单位：Mount Holyoke College
摘要：This paper examines the role of high-technology trade, IPRs and FDI in determining a country's rate of innovation and economic growth. The empirical analysis is conducted using a unique panel data set of 47 developed and developing countries from 1970 to 1990. The results suggest that: (1) high-technology imports are relevant in explaining domestic innovation both in developed and developing countries; (2) foreign technology has a stronger impact on per capita GDP growth than domestic technolo...
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作者：Matsen, E; Torvik, R
作者单位：Norwegian University of Science & Technology (NTNU)
摘要：Growth models of the Dutch disease explain why resource abundance may reduce growth. The literature, however, also raises a new question: if the use of resource wealth hurts productivity growth, how should such wealth be optimally managed? This question forms the topic of the present paper. We show that the assumptions in the previous literature imply that the optimal share of national wealth consumed in each period needs to be adjusted down. Some Dutch disease, however, is always optimal. Thu...
