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作者：de Janvry, Alain; McIntosh, Craig; Sadoulet, Elisabeth
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; University of California System; University of California San Diego
摘要：We utilize a unique pair of experiments to isolate the ways in which reductions in asymmetric information alter credit market outcomes. A Guatemalan microfinance lender gradually started using a credit bureau across its branches without letting borrowers know about it. One year later, we ran a large randomized credit information course that described the existence and workings of the bureau to the clients of this lender. This pairing of natural and randomized experiments allows us to separatel...
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作者：Duclos, Jean-Yves; Araar, Abdelkrim; Giles, John
作者单位：Laval University; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC); CSIC - Institut d'Analisi Economica (IAE); Laval University; The World Bank
摘要：The paper contributes to the measurement of poverty and vulnerability in three ways. First, it proposes a new approach to separating poverty into chronic and transient components. Second, it provides corrections for the statistical biases introduced when using a small number of periods to estimate the importance of vulnerability and transient poverty. Third, it applies these tools to the measurement of chronic and transient poverty in China using a rich panel data set that extends over 17 year...
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作者：Jeuland, Marc; Lucas, Marcelino; Clemens, John; Whittington, Dale
作者单位：University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill; International Vaccine Institute; University of Manchester
摘要：This paper reports the results of the first study that estimates households' private demand for cholera vaccines using the travel cost method. We take advantage of an unusual natural experiment. In January 2004, more than 41,000 residents from various locations in Beira, Mozambique received two doses of oral cholera vaccine free of charge during the first vaccination trial to test its effectiveness in an endemic cholera zone of Africa. About 30,000 people participated from outside the target z...
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作者：Ozbilgin, H. Murat
作者单位：Prime Ministry Turkey; Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey
摘要：I explore the implications of limited participation in financial markets on a standard small open economy business cycle model. Despite its parsimony, the limited participation model developed in this paper improves over the standard model in terms of explaining two important features of business cycle facts of developing countries: high volatility of consumption, and high negative correlation between the trade balance and output. Limited participation model is then used to inspect the effects...
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作者：Alfaro, Laura; Chanda, Areendam; Kalemli-Ozcan, Sebnem; Sayek, Selin
作者单位：Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Louisiana State University System; Louisiana State University; University of Houston System; University of Houston; Ihsan Dogramaci Bilkent University
摘要：Do multinational companies generate positive externalities for the host country? The evidence so far is mixed varying from beneficial to detrimental effects of foreign direct investment (FDI) on growth, with many studies that find no effect. In order to provide an explanation for this empirical ambiguity, we formalize a mechanism that emphasizes the role of local financial markets in enabling FDI to promote growth through backward linkages. Using realistic parameter values, we quantify the res...
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作者：Cermeno, Rodolfo; Grier, Robin; Grier, Kevin
作者单位：University of Oklahoma System; University of Oklahoma - Norman; Centro de Investigacion y Docencia Economicas A.C. (CIDE)
摘要：In this paper, we study the link between real exchange rate (RER) depreciation and elections in Latin America. Our contribution is threefold. First, we employ a statistical model that takes into account the pervasive conditional heteroskedasticity found in financial data and includes a wide range of macroeconomic variables as regressors. Second, we test whether the wave of central bank reform that swept the region has had any effect on the existence or strength of the electoral cycle in exchan...
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作者：Yu, Miaojie
作者单位：Peking University
摘要：Does democracy affect trade? There are several channels by which democracy may affect trade, with differing implications. First, democratization in the exporting country can improve product quality and reduce trade costs, increasing bilateral trade. Second, democratization in the importing country may increase trade barriers and thus reduce imports. In this paper, I analyze the effect of democracy on trade by augmenting the gravity equation with democracy. Using a rich panel data set and contr...
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作者：Berman, Nicolas; Hericourt, Jerome
作者单位：Universite de Lille
摘要：Using a large cross-country, firm-level database containing 5000 firms in 9 developing and emerging economies, we study how financial factors affect both firms' export decisions and the amount exported by firms. First, our results highlight the importance of the impact of firms' access to finance on their entry decision into the export market. However, better financial health neither increases the probability of remaining an exporter once the firm has entered, nor the size of exports. Second, ...
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作者：Leonard, Kenneth L.; Masatu, Melkiory C.
作者单位：University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park
摘要：Many doctors in developing countries provide considerably lower quality care to their patients than they have been trained to provide. The gap between best possible practice and actual performance (often referred to as the know-do gap) is difficult to measure among doctors who differ in levels of training and experience and who face very different types of patients. we exploit the Hawthorne effect-in which doctors change their behavior when a researcher comes to observe their practices-to meas...
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作者：Drugov, Mikhail
作者单位：University of Oxford; University of Oxford
摘要：This paper studies the consequences of introducing competition between bureaucrats. Firms are supposed to invest into eliminating negative externalities of production, while bureaucrats administer the process by issuing licences. Some bureaucrats are corrupt, that is, they issue a licence to any firm in exchange for a bribe. The competition regime is found to create more ex ante incentives for firms to invest, while the monopoly regime is better at implementing ex post allocation, that is, dis...
