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作者：Amuedo-Dorantes, Catalina; Mazzolari, Francesca
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Irvine; California State University System; San Diego State University
摘要：The magnitude of remittance flows to Latin America exceeds the combined inflows of foreign direct investment and official development assistance to the region. Since the United States is the destination country of the vast majority of migrants from Mexico, as well as from other Latin American countries, U.S. immigration policy can have a significant impact on the volume of remittances to the Latin American region. This paper studies how a generalized amnesty - a provision in the 1986 Immigrati...
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作者：Lederman, Daniel; Olarreaga, Marcelo; Payton, Lucy
作者单位：The World Bank; University of Geneva; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; Boston Consulting Group (BCG)
摘要：The number of national export promotion agencies (EPAs) has tripled over the last two decades. While more countries made them part of their export strategy. studies criticized their efficacy in developing countries. EPAs were retooled, partly in response to these critiques. This paper studies the impact of today's EPAs and their strategies. based on new survey data covering 103 developing and developed countries. Results suggest that on average they have a statistically significant effect on e...
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作者：Das, Jishnu; Zajonc, Tristan
作者单位：The World Bank; Harvard University
摘要：Increasing evidence suggests that the level and distribution of cognitive skills is more important to economic development than absolute measures of schooling attainment, and that income and skill inequality are inextricably linked. Yet for most of the developing world no internationally comparable estimates of cognitive skills exist. This paper uses student answers to publicly released questions from an international testing agency together with statistical methods from Item Response Theory t...
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作者：Keen, Michael; Lockwood, Ben
作者单位：International Monetary Fund; University of Warwick
摘要：This paper explores the causes and consequences of the remarkable rise of the value added tax (VAT), asking what has shaped its adoption and, in particular, whether it has proved an especially effective form of taxation. It is first shown that a tax innovation, such as the introduction of a VAT, reduces the marginal cost of public funds if and only if it also leads an optimizing government to increase the tax ratio. This leads to the estimation, on a panel of 143 countries for 25 years. of a s...
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作者：Kondylis, Florence
作者单位：Columbia University; The World Bank
摘要：The war in Bosnia and Herzegovina of the early nineties displaced 1.3 million people. This study uses longitudinal data to document the effects of this displacement on labor market outcomes. To account for endogeneity in displacement. I exploit the fact that the level of violence affected the decision to leave and that pre-war economic performance is orthogonal to local violence levels. I find that displaced Bosnians are less likely to be working relative to the people who stayed. Displaced me...
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作者：Bjornskov, Christian
作者单位：Aarhus University
摘要：A popular argument for the absence of any beneficial effects of foreign aid is that it is skimmed by political elites in recipient countries. However, studies also suggest that aid may be more effective in relatively democratic developing countries. By exploring data on income quintiles derived from the World Income Inequality Database for 88 developing countries, a set of results indicate that foreign aid and democracy in conjunction are associated with a higher share of income held by the up...
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作者：Gamper-Rabindran, Shanti; Khan, Shakeeb; Timmins, Christopher
作者单位：Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); University of Pittsburgh; Duke University
摘要：We examine the impact of piped water on the under-1 infant mortality rate (IMR) in Brazil using a recently developed econometric procedure for the estimation of quantile treatment effects with panel data. The provision of piped water in Brazil is highly correlated with other observable and unobservable determinants of IMR the latter leading to an important source of bias. Instruments for piped water provision are not readily available, and fixed effects to control for time-invariant correlated...
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作者：Rauch, James E.
作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Diego; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：For many less developed countries production of high quality output is a precondition for firms to become exporters. Institutional deficiencies that raise costs of high quality production therefore limit the positive impact that trade facilitation can have on income. Consequently, institutional reforms that reduce costs of high quality production and trade reform have synergistic effects. In contrast, institutional reforms that reduce costs of low quality production (e.g., reforms that disprop...
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作者：Fleck, Robert K.; Kilby, Christopher
作者单位：Villanova University; Montana State University System; Montana State University Bozeman
摘要：This paper explores how U.S. bilateral economic aid has changed over time, focusing on how the recent era-in which the War on Terror has played a prominent role in the Bush administration's aid policy-differs from previous eras. In particular. has the renewed geopolitical role of aid coincided with a reduction of aid to the poorest countries or less weight on need in U.S. aid allocation decisions? We start with an analysis of annual U.S. aid budgets from 1955 to 2006. Controlling for domestic ...
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作者：Macchiavello, Rocco
作者单位：University of Warwick
摘要：The industrial organization of developing countries is characterized by the pervasive use of subcontracting arrangements among small, financially constrained firms. This paper asks whether vertical integration relaxes those financial constraints. It shows that vertical integration trades off the benefits of joint liability against the costs of rendering the supply chain more opaque to external investors. In contrast to the commonly held view that pervasive input and capital market imperfection...
