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作者：Sugimoto, Yoshiaki; Nakagawa, Masao
作者单位：Kagawa University; University of Osaka
摘要：This paper argues that the introduction of compulsory schooling in early industrialization promoted the growth process that eventually led to a vicious cycle of population aging and negative pressure on education policy. In the early phases of industrialization, public education was undesirable for the young poor who relied on child labor. Compulsory schooling therefore discouraged childbirth, while the accompanying industrialization stimulated their demand for education. The subsequent rise i...
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作者：Ulyssea, Gabriel
作者单位：University of Chicago
摘要：This paper develops a two-sector matching model that incorporates the main features of Latin American labor markets. It has an innovation in its matching structure that makes it more consistent with some key stylized facts of the informal sector in these countries. The model is numerically solved using Brazilian data and several policy simulations are performed. Reducing formal sector's entry cost significantly reduces the size of the informal sector and improves overall labor market performan...
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作者：Fally, Thibault; Paillacar, Rodrigo; Terra, Cristina
作者单位：heSam Universite; Universite Pantheon-Sorbonne; Paris School of Economics; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder
摘要：This paper estimates the impact of market and supplier access on wage disparities across Brazilian states, incorporating the control for individual characteristics into the new economic geography methodology. We estimate market and supplier access disaggregated by industry, and we compute access to local, national and international markets separately. We find a strong correlation between market access and wage differentials, even after controlling for individual characteristics, market access ...
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作者：Drugov, Mikhail
作者单位：University of Oxford; University of Oxford
摘要：This paper studies the consequences of introducing competition between bureaucrats. Firms are supposed to invest into eliminating negative externalities of production, while bureaucrats administer the process by issuing licences. Some bureaucrats are corrupt, that is, they issue a licence to any firm in exchange for a bribe. The competition regime is found to create more ex ante incentives for firms to invest, while the monopoly regime is better at implementing ex post allocation, that is, dis...
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作者：Amuedo-Dorantes, Catalina; Mazzolari, Francesca
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Irvine; California State University System; San Diego State University
摘要：The magnitude of remittance flows to Latin America exceeds the combined inflows of foreign direct investment and official development assistance to the region. Since the United States is the destination country of the vast majority of migrants from Mexico, as well as from other Latin American countries, U.S. immigration policy can have a significant impact on the volume of remittances to the Latin American region. This paper studies how a generalized amnesty - a provision in the 1986 Immigrati...
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作者：Bos, J. W. B.; Economidou, C.; Koetter, M.; Kolari, J. W.
作者单位：University of Groningen; Texas A&M University System; Texas A&M University College Station; Mays Business School; Utrecht University
摘要：This paper investigates the driving forces of output change in 77 countries during the period 1970-2000. A flexible modeling strategy is adopted that accounts for (i) the inefficient use of resources, and (ii) different production technologies across countries. The proposed model can identify technical, efficiency, and input change for each of three endogenously determined regimes. Membership in these regimes is estimated, rather than determined ex ante. This framework enables explorations int...
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作者：Lederman, Daniel; Olarreaga, Marcelo; Payton, Lucy
作者单位：The World Bank; University of Geneva; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; Boston Consulting Group (BCG)
摘要：The number of national export promotion agencies (EPAs) has tripled over the last two decades. While more countries made them part of their export strategy. studies criticized their efficacy in developing countries. EPAs were retooled, partly in response to these critiques. This paper studies the impact of today's EPAs and their strategies. based on new survey data covering 103 developing and developed countries. Results suggest that on average they have a statistically significant effect on e...
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作者：Eicher, Theo S.; Schreiber, Till
作者单位：University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle; William & Mary
摘要：Documenting the long term impact of structural policies on economic performance has generated tremendous interest in the development literature. In contrast, contemporary effects of structural policies are difficult to establish. Structural policies seldom change sufficiently in the short run, and accepted instruments to control for endogeneity in cross sections are inappropriate for time series analysis. In this paper we utilize an eleven year panel of 26 transition countries to identify shor...
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作者：Das, Jishnu; Zajonc, Tristan
作者单位：The World Bank; Harvard University
摘要：Increasing evidence suggests that the level and distribution of cognitive skills is more important to economic development than absolute measures of schooling attainment, and that income and skill inequality are inextricably linked. Yet for most of the developing world no internationally comparable estimates of cognitive skills exist. This paper uses student answers to publicly released questions from an international testing agency together with statistical methods from Item Response Theory t...
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作者：Keen, Michael; Lockwood, Ben
作者单位：International Monetary Fund; University of Warwick
摘要：This paper explores the causes and consequences of the remarkable rise of the value added tax (VAT), asking what has shaped its adoption and, in particular, whether it has proved an especially effective form of taxation. It is first shown that a tax innovation, such as the introduction of a VAT, reduces the marginal cost of public funds if and only if it also leads an optimizing government to increase the tax ratio. This leads to the estimation, on a panel of 143 countries for 25 years. of a s...
