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作者：Wilson, Nicholas
作者单位：Reed College - Portland
摘要：A fundamental question in development and growth is whether and how fast fertility responds to reductions in child mortality risk I use the expansion of prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) in Zambia to provide some of the first quasi-experimental evidence on this question. My results suggest that the local introduction of PMTCT reduced pregnancy rates by approximately 10%, particularly among likely HIV positive women and women in locations where PIVITCT was available for ...
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作者：Gibson, John; Kim, Bonggeun
作者单位：University of Waikato; Seoul National University (SNU)
摘要：If relative prices of goods within a commodity group are constant, Hicksian separability lets the price of a single good represent the group price level. This is relied on by price questionnaires used with household surveys in developing countries and when constructing temporal and spatial deflators. Methods of estimating demand systems from household survey data also rely on Hicksian separability. Yet this restriction remains untested in cross-sections. We use unique data from Vietnam with mu...
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作者：Roy, Shalini; Ara, Jinnat; Das, Narayan; Quisumbing, Agnes R.
作者单位：CGIAR; International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI); Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee BRAC
摘要：Many development interventions target transfers to women. However, little evidence directly explores the fly-paper effects of whether women retain control over these transfers once within the household and how reallocation of the transfers affects women's empowerment. We study these dynamics in the context of BRAC's randomized CFPR-TUP program in Bangladesh, which provides livestock and training to rural women in ultra poor households. Our analysis confirms previous findings that CFPR-TUP incr...
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作者：Kis-Katos, Krisztina; Sparrow, Robert
作者单位：University of Freiburg; Australian National University; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：We measure the effects of trade liberalization over the period of 1993-2002 on regional poverty levels in 259 Indonesian districts, and investigate the labor market mechanisms behind these effects. The identification strategy relies on combining information on initial regional labor and product market structure with the exogenous tariff reduction schedule over four three-year periods. We add to the literature on local labor market effects of trade policies by distinguishing between tariffs for...
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作者：Lugovskyy, Volodymyr; Skiba, Alexandre
作者单位：Indiana University System; Indiana University Bloomington; University of Wyoming
摘要：This paper connects the quality of product-level bilateral trade flows with the geographic position of the exporter. Theoretically we show that, in addition to commonly used importer characteristics, quality increases (i) in trade-weighted specific transportation cost to destinations other than the importer and (ii) in trade-weighted preference for quality of destinations other than the importer. These two channels extend the familiar Alchian-Allen and Linder theories to the multilateral setti...
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作者：Prina, Silvia
作者单位：University System of Ohio; Case Western Reserve University
摘要：In a setting with low penetration of bank accounts, I randomly gave access to bank accounts with zero fees at local bank-branches to a large sample of female household heads in Nepal. The zero fees and physical proximity of the bank led to high take-up and usage rates compared to similar studies in other settings. However, impact on income, aggregate expenditures, and assets are too imprecisely estimated to draw a conclusion. I do find reallocation of expenditures across categories (e.g. more ...
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作者：Lambert-Mogiliansky, A.
作者单位：Paris School of Economics
摘要：In this paper we investigate the welfare properties of simple reappointment rules aimed at holding public officials accountable and monitoring their activity. Public officials allocate budget resources-to various activities delivering public services to citizens. Officials have discretion over the use of resource, and can divert some of them for private ends. Due to a liability constraint, zero diversion can never be obtained in all states. The optimal reappointment mechanism under complete in...
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作者：Smith, Brock
作者单位：University of Oxford
摘要：This paper evaluates the impact of major natural resource discoveries since 1950 on GDP per capita. Using panel fixed-effects estimation and resource discoveries in countries that were not previously resource-rich as a plausibly exogenous source of variation, I find a positive effect on GDP per capita levels following resource exploitation that persists in the long term. Results vary significantly between OECD and non-OECD treatment countries, with effects concentrated within the non-OECD grou...
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作者：Bharadwaj, Prashant
作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Diego
摘要：Informational frictions are an important source of inefficiency in rural labor markets. I examine the role of family size in mitigating costs that arise due to these frictions. I show that an increase in family size decreases the demand for hired labor in tasks for which worker output and effort are difficult to observe (monitoring intensive tasks). In contrast, in tasks for which worker output is easily observed, I find no relationship between family size and hired labor use. I provide eviden...
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作者：Sarsons, Heather
作者单位：Harvard University
摘要：There is evidence that, in some contexts, income shocks cause conflict. The literature demonstrating this relationship uses rainfall shocks to instrument for income shocks, arguing that in agriculturally-dependent regions, negative rain shocks lower income which incites violence. This identification strategy relies on the assumption that rainfall shocks affect conflict only through their impacts on income. This paper evaluates this exclusion restriction in the context of religious conflict in ...
