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作者：Azam, Mehtabul; Kingdon, Geeta Gandhi
作者单位：Oklahoma State University System; Oklahoma State University - Stillwater; University of London; University College London; UCL Institute of Education
摘要：Using administrative data from linked private schools from one Indian district that matches 8319 pupils to their subject specific teachers at the senior secondary level, we estimate the importance of individual teachers for student outcomes in the high-stake senior secondary exam (at the end of twelfth-grade) controlling for prior achievement at the secondary level (at the end of tenth-grade). In addition to controlling for prior achievement, we exploit the fact that students took exams in mul...
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作者：Ge, Ying; Lai, Huiwen; Zhu, Susan Chun
作者单位：University of International Business & Economics; Hong Kong Polytechnic University; Michigan State University
摘要：By exploring a rich data set that links international trade transactions to panel data of manufacturing firms from China during 2000-2006, we reveal new patterns of export prices across firms. We find that foreign firms charge about 28% higher prices than Chinese exporters after controls for firm productivity and product-destination-year fixed effects. We provide evidence that the multinational price premium is significantly correlated with the knowledge-based intangible assets within multinat...
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作者：Bah, El-hadj; Fang, Lei
作者单位：African Development Bank Group (AfDB); Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Atlanta
摘要：We develop a general equilibrium model to assess the quantitative effects of the business environment, including regulations, crime, corruption, infrastructure and access to finance, on output and total factor productivity (IPP) in Sub-Saharan Africa. The first four dimensions are modeled as a tax on output and the finance dimension is modeled as a borrowing constraint. The model is simulated for a sample of Sub-Saharan African countries using the country-specific financial development and the...
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作者：Morelli, Massimo; Rohner, Dominic
作者单位：Bocconi University; University of Lausanne
摘要：This paper highlights the importance of natural resource concentration and ethnic group regional concentration for ethnic conflict. The existence of multiple conflict terrains (and hence multiple threat points) is the source of bargaining failure, similar to the one determined by the presence of offensive advantages. The theory predicts war to be more likely when resource concentration and group concentration are high, and the empirical analysis, both at the country level and at the ethnic gro...
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作者：Bennett, Daniel; Chiang, Chun-Fang; Malani, Anup
作者单位：University of Chicago; National Taiwan University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：SARS struck Taiwan in 2003, causing a national crisis. Many people feared that SARS would spread through the health care system, and outpatient visits fell by more than 30% in the course of a few weeks. We examine how both public information and the behavior and opinions of peers contributed to this reaction. We identify a peer effect through a difference-in-difference comparison of longtime residents and recent arrivals, who are less socially connected. Although several forms of social intera...
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作者：Auriol, Emmanuelle; Schilizzi, Steven G. M.
作者单位：Universite de Toulouse; Universite Toulouse 1 Capitole; Toulouse School of Economics; University of Western Australia
摘要：This paper studies how signaling the credence attributes of consumer goods distorts their market equilibrium in developing countries. Costs of certification, sunk in order to achieve credibility, play a key role in producing an oligopolistic market, leading to high prices that form a barrier for consumers in the South. To lower the cost, certification is better achieved by a single independent body which can be financed either by end consumers, through a fee, or by public subsidies. The paper ...
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作者：Dinkelman, Taryn; Schulhofer-Wohl, Sam
作者单位：Dartmouth College; National Bureau of Economic Research; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR); Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Minneapolis
摘要：The direct benefits of infrastructure in developing countries can be large, but if new infrastructure induces inmigration, congestion of other local publicly provided goods may offset the direct benefits. Using the example of rural household electrification in South Africa, we demonstrate the importance of accounting for migration when evaluating welfare gains of spatial programs. We also provide a practical approach to computing welfare gains that does not rely on land prices. We develop a lo...
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作者：Agenor, Pierre-Richard; Dinh, Hinh T.
作者单位：University of Manchester; The World Bank
摘要：Links between social capital, human capital, and product imitation are studied in an overlapping generations model of economic growth with endogenous time allocation. Social capital promotes imitation and there is a two-way interaction between imitation and human capital. Building social capital (which brings direct utility) requires time and access to infrastructure. Because life expectancy is endogenously related to human capital, time allocation between market work and social capital accumu...
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作者：Bidner, Chris; Eswaran, Mukesh
作者单位：Simon Fraser University; University of British Columbia
摘要：We propose a theory of the origins of India's caste system by explicitly recognizing the productivity of women in complementing their husbands' occupation-specific skill. The theory explains the core features of the caste system: its hereditary and hierarchical nature, and its insistence on endogamy (marriage only within castes). Endogamy is embraced by a group to minimize an externality that arises when group members marry outsiders. We demonstrate why the caste system embodies gender asymmet...
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作者：Ebeke, Christian; Omgba, Luc Desire; Laajaj, Rachid
作者单位：International Monetary Fund; Universite Paris Saclay; Paris School of Economics; INRAE
摘要：This paper sheds light on the relationship between oil rent and the allocation of talent, toward rent-seeking versus more productive activities, conditional on the quality of institutions. Using a sample of 69 developing countries, we demonstrate that oil resources orient university students toward specializations that provide better future access to rents when institutions are weak. The results are robust to various specifications, datasets on governance quality and estimation methods. Oil af...
