-
作者：Da Mata, Daniel; Resende, Guilherme
作者单位：Instituto de Pesquisa Economica Aplicada (IPEA)
摘要：We exploit plausibly exogenous variation in credit policy to study the real effects of credit. Producers in the semiarid, Brazil's poorest and driest region, are eligible to apply for subsidized, abundant credit provided by a state-owned bank. Based on objective climate criteria, the federal government added new localities to the Brazilian semiarid. We show that the state-owned bank increased risky loans in the added localities in accordance with legislation, but we find neither a crowding-out...
-
作者：Li, Pei; Lu, Yi; Wang, Jin
作者单位：Zhejiang University; Tsinghua University; Hong Kong University of Science & Technology
摘要：This paper examines the causal relationship between China's fuel standards and air pollution using a difference-in-differences design and regression discontinuity analyses. Combining data on staggered prefectural implementation of the regulations with hourly station-level pollution data, we show that the enforcement of high-quality gasoline standards significantly improved air quality, especially in terms of fine particles and ozone. The average pollution across all pollutants was reduced by 1...
-
作者：Cui, Hanxiao; Smith, James P.; Zhao, Yaohui
作者单位：Yale University; RAND Corporation; Peking University
摘要：This paper examines long-term health consequences of early-life food deprivation across late-life health indicators. Our analysis relies on retrospective data of hunger drawn from CHARLS - a nationally representative survey of residents ages 45 and over in Continental China. The survey accurately measured hunger episodes in childhood. Exposure to hunger early in life is found to increase the probability of being overweight, having difficulty with ADLs/IADLs and depression in old age. The adver...
-
作者：Boehme, Marcus H.; Groeger, Andre; Stoehr, Tobias
作者单位：Autonomous University of Barcelona; Barcelona School of Economics; Leibniz Association; Institut fur Weltwirtschaft an der Universitat Kiel (IFW); IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：Migration data remains scarce, particularly in the context of developing countries. We demonstrate how geo-referenced online search data can be used to measure migration intentions in origin countries and to predict bilateral migration flows. Our approach provides strong additional predictive power for international migration flows when compared to reference models from the migration and trade literature. We provide evidence, based on survey data, that our measures partly reflect genuine migra...
-
作者：Faraz, Naseem; Rockmore, Marc
作者单位：Bowdoin College
摘要：In theory, government ownership of banks can spur economic development by channeling money to strategic industries or underserved communities. In practice, however, the empirical literature largely supports theories warning of the potential politicization of resources. Election cycles in public credit may affect both the provision of public credit and the likelihood of the debt defaulting. Due to data limitations, existing studies focus almost exclusively on the former, while the later effects...
-
作者：Aragon, Fernando M.; Karaivanov, Alexander; Krishnaswamy, Karuna
作者单位：Simon Fraser University
摘要：We study the short-term effect of flexible microcredit loans on small businesses. We use data from a randomized controlled trial that offered a credit line product to street vendors in India. The credit line retains standard features of microcredit such as joint liability, female borrowers and weekly meetings, but allows flexible borrowing and repayment, like a credit card. We find a positive effect on the vendors' gross profits: on average, a credit line increases profits by 7 percent compare...
-
作者：Burlig, Fiona; Preonas, Louis; Woerman, Matt
作者单位：University of Chicago; National Bureau of Economic Research; University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; University of Massachusetts System; University of Massachusetts Amherst
摘要：How should researchers design panel data experiments? We analytically derive the variance of panel estimators, informing power calculations in panel data settings. We generalize Frison and Pocock (1992) to fully arbitrary error structures, thereby extending McKenzie (2012) to allow for non-constant serial correlation. Using Monte Carlo simulations and real-world panel data, we demonstrate that failing to account for arbitrary serial correlation ex ante yields experiments that are incorrectly p...
-
作者：Gehring, Kai; Lang, Valentin
作者单位：University of Zurich
摘要：Policymakers in crisis countries often hesitate to enter IMF programs out of the fear that they trigger adverse reactions on financial markets. We explain why credit ratings and investor assessments are reliable measures of creditworthiness during crises, and examine how IMF programs affect them with three distinct identification strategies. The first strategy exploits the differential effect of changes in IMF liquidity on loan allocation as an instrument, the second uses the exact timing of p...
-
作者：Le, Kien
作者单位：Louisiana State University System; Louisiana State University
摘要：This paper evaluates the effects of restricted land use rights on aggregate productivity using micro-level data within a quantitative model. In particular, I exploit the Rice Land Designation Policy in Vietnam, which forces farmers to produce rice on almost 45% of land plots. I use digitized versions of Vietnam's Local Land Use Atlas and Global Agro-Ecological Zones database to construct a micro-spatial dataset that shapes the model features and allows me to compare the restricted against a co...
-
作者：Fang, Jing; He, Hui; Li, Nan
作者单位：Zhongnan University of Economics & Law; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Huazhong University of Science & Technology; International Monetary Fund
摘要：This paper examines whether the rapidly growing firm patenting activity in China is associated with productivity growth, and whether this association changes after the introduction of patent subsidy programs and differs across ownership types. We first build a unique dataset uniting detailed firm balance sheet information with firm patent data for the period 1998-2007. We find strong evidence that both within-firm increases in patent stock and initial patenting event are associated with increa...
