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作者：Hoseini, Mohammad; Briand, Oceane
作者单位：University of Mannheim
摘要：This paper studies the impact of replacing sales tax by value-added tax (VAT) on production efficiency and informality among Indian states. We disentangle the production efficiency gains caused by removing the distortions of sales tax from the increase in enforcement caused by VAT's input refund system and show that heterogeneous effects of these two aspects of the reform depend on input-output linkages. While production efficiency is larger in downstream industries with backward linkages to a...
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作者：Gibson, John; McKenzie, David; Rohorua, Halahingano; Stillman, Steven
作者单位：University of Waikato; The World Bank; Free University of Bozen-Bolzano
摘要：We study how migrating from a poor country to a rich country affects economic beliefs, preference parameters, and household decision-making efficiency. In a ten-year follow-up survey of applicants to a migration lottery program we elicit risk and time preferences and pro-market beliefs for the migrants and the unsuccessful applicants. The successful and the unsuccessful applicants are each linked to closest relative households, who would stay in the home country if the applicant moved, to play...
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作者：Jiang, Junyan; Mei, Yuan
作者单位：Columbia University; Singapore Management University
摘要：The careers of many public officials span multiple localities, yet the economic effects of their inter-regional movements are not well understood. This paper focuses on the rotation of provincial leaders in China and studies its impact on regional economic integration. Estimation results using the gravity framework indicate that when a provincial leader is appointed as the party secretary of a new province, the trade volume from the new province to the old province increases, but not vice vers...
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作者：Zivin, Joshua Graff; Liu, Tong; Song, Yingquan; Tang, Qu; Zhang, Peng
作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Diego; University of California System; University of California San Diego; Hong Kong University of Science & Technology; Hong Kong University of Science & Technology; Peking University; Jinan University; Shenzhen Research Institute of Big Data; The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen
摘要：The practice of burning agricultural waste is ubiquitous around the world, yet the external human capital costs from those fires have been underexplored. Using data from the National College Entrance Examination (NCEE) and agricultural fires in China from 2005 to 2011, this paper investigates the impacts of fires on cognitive performance. We find that a one-standard-deviation increase in the difference between upwind and downwind fires during the exam decreases the total exam score by 1.42 per...
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作者：Blum, Florian
作者单位：The World Bank
摘要：It is often argued that price-caps on monopolistic suppliers are necessary to redistribute surplus and make services affordable. I explore whether price-caps lead to welfare improvements through a field experiment with extension agents in Tanzania. Imposing price-caps has three effects. First, conditional on being served, the treatment reduces average prices by 17%. Second, the intervention increases the share of previously unserved customers in the beneficiary pool by 15%. Third, the price-ca...
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作者：Imbert, Clement; Papp, John
作者单位：University of Warwick
摘要：This paper provides new evidence on rural-urban migration decisions in developing countries. Using original survey data from rural India, we show that seasonal migrants prefer to earn 35 percent less on local public works rather than incur the cost of migrating. Structural estimates suggest that the fixed cost of migration is small, and can be entirely explained by travel costs and income risk. In contrast, the flow cost of migration is high. We argue that higher living costs in the city expla...
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作者：Mo, Di; Bai, Yu; Shi, Yaojiang; Abbey, Cody; Zhang, Linxiu; Rozelle, Scott; Loyalka, Prashant
作者单位：Stanford University; Shaanxi Normal University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Geographic Sciences & Natural Resources Research, CAS
摘要：There is limited evidence on the degree to which differences in implementation among institutions matter for program effectiveness. To examine this question, we conducted an experiment in rural China in which public schools were randomly assigned to one of three treatments: a computer-assisted learning program (CAL) implemented by a government agency, the same program implemented by an NGO, and a pure control. Results show that compared to the pure control condition and unlike the NGO program,...
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作者：Yamasaki, Junichi
作者单位：Kobe University
摘要：Whether the longer tenure of political agents leads to better public policies is a central question in political economy. Tenure security extends the time horizons of dictators, which may explain economic growth under extractive institutions. This study estimates the causal impact of longer time horizons of local dictators using sub-national data from 17th-century Japan. Local lords at that time faced the risk of transferring their domains by order of the central government. In 1651, the death...
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作者：Alvarez-Villa, Daphne; Guardado, Jenny
作者单位：Georgetown University
摘要：We estimate the long-run impact of historical ports using evidence on legal and contraband trading sites in colonial Mexico (16th to late 18th century). We restrict comparisons to neighboring municipalities and use natural harbors as a source of exogenous variation in the possibility for historical trade. Colonial ports (smuggling and legal ones) led to significantly less poverty, more public goods and greater tax collection in the long run, relative to nearby areas without trade. The long-ter...
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作者：Ong, David; Yang, Yu (Alan); Zhang, Junsen
作者单位：Jinan University; University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; Zhejiang University; Chinese University of Hong Kong
摘要：Reports of the difficulties of elite women in finding suitable mates have been increasing despite the growing availability and value of men in China. We rationalize this leftover women phenomenon within the directed/ competitive search framework, which uniquely allows for equilibrium crowding out. Within this framework, we show that the leftover women phenomenon can be the result of women's aversion to men who have a lower income than themselves (hereafter, ALM) and the long-predicted compleme...
