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作者：Liu, Shenglong; Pan, Xingyu; Wan, Yuanyuan; Zhang, Xiaoming; Zhou, Shaojie
作者单位：Tsinghua University; University of Toronto; Chinese Academy of Social Sciences
摘要：The increase in commuting time due to traffic congestion is a widespread dilemma faced by most major cities worldwide. In addition to its impact on environmental pollution and personal health issues, it can negatively impact the labor supply. Utilizing microdata from China's 1% population census data in 2015, we find that for every additional minute of commuting time, the probability of labor participation among married women decreases by an average of 0.5 percentage points. The variation in c...
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作者：Gallego, Francisco A.; Molina, Oswaldo; Neilson, Christopher A.
作者单位：Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile; Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile; Universidad del Pacifico Peru; Yale University
摘要：This paper examines the effects of phone calls designed to encourage viewership of the short telenovela Decidiendo para un Futuro Mejor (Deciding for a Better Future, hereafter DFM) on national television during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 in Peru. DFM uses video content to highlight the benefits of education while providing concrete information on wages and financial aid opportunities for higher education. We evaluate the impact of these calls on dropout rates in 2021 through a randomized c...
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作者：Vivalt, Eva; Coville, Aidan; Kc, Sampada
作者单位：University of Toronto; The World Bank; University of British Columbia
摘要：How do policymakers value advice from local experts versus formal evidence from impact evaluations when making policy decisions? Using a discrete choice experiment conducted in collaboration with the World Bank and Inter-American Development Bank, we show that policymakers were willing to accept a program that had a 5.0 percentage point smaller estimated effect on enrollment rates if it were recommended by a local expert. They also preferred programs supported by evidence from a different regi...
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作者：Meng, Lina; Liu, Pengfei; Zhou, Yinggang; Mei, Yingdan
作者单位：Xiamen University; Xiamen University; University of Rhode Island; Xiamen University; Renmin University of China
摘要：We quantitatively assess the impacts of onshore wind turbines on bird diversity using citizen science data in China. Results show that a one-standard-deviation increase in wind turbines reduces bird abundance by 9.75% and leads to a 12.2% reduction in bird species richness at the county level. The negative impacts are more significant in migrant birds, birds in forests, urban and farmlands than others. Biodiversity protection helps to safeguard bird abundance against wind turbines. We also fin...
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作者：Ali, Nadia; Cali, Massimiliano; Rijkers, Bob
作者单位：Columbia University; The World Bank; Utrecht University; Columbia University
摘要：This paper evaluates Tunisia's Startup Act, a policy initiative to foster innovative firms through a start-up label and a bundle of incentives including reduced social security contributions, corporate tax exemptions, easier access to foreign exchange, and simplified customs procedures. Detailed data on the program's selection process allow us to identify marginal entrants and rejects, and hence limit selection on unobservables. Using a difference-in-differences strategy, the program is shown ...
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作者：Bertoli, Simone; Clerc, Melchior; Loper, Jordan; Fernandez, Eric Roca
作者单位：Universite Clermont Auvergne (UCA); Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
摘要：The epidemiological approach in comparative development uses data on individuals of immigrant origin to study cultural persistence, the determinants of cultural norms, and the effects of genetic traits. A common assumption of this methodology is its susceptibility to attenuation bias. We challenge it by demonstrating how the increasing reliance on foreign ancestries to identify respondents' origins can introduce confounding biases. Specifically, self-selection in reporting foreign ancestry and...
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作者：Castaing, Pauline; Gazeaud, Jules
作者单位：The World Bank; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD); Universite Clermont Auvergne (UCA)
摘要：Despite limited uptake, index insurance is often seen as one of the most remarkable innovations of the past decades to help smallholder farmers manage risks and boost their productive investments. In this paper, we use a Bayesian hierarchical model to aggregate evidence from eight experiments and assess the external validity of their results. We find that interventions expanding access to index insurance increase productive investments by 0.06-0.11 SD on average (equivalent to 8%-16% of the co...
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作者：Wang, Yuan; Xu, Huayu; Xu, Xiaoguang; Zhou, Yongmei
作者单位：Yale University; Peking University; Peking University
摘要：We conducted a randomized evaluation of an innovative energy conservation program in China, engaging students in electricity usage auditing and peer competitions. The results show a 7% reduction in household electricity consumption four months post-intervention, with more pronounced effects among younger students and families with lower educational backgrounds. This reduction is primarily attributed to improvements in students' daily consumption behaviors and knowledge of conservation strategi...
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作者：Lewis, Blane D.; Dong, Sarah
作者单位：Australian National University
摘要：We examine the impact of the transition to direct mayoral elections on district spending and household public service access in Indonesia during a period of momentous national democratic reform. We leverage the arguably exogenous timing of direct local elections to specify a staggered difference-in-differences model, which we estimate using the latest methods to plausibly identify causal effects. We find that the transition to direct elections led to a consistent and large decline in capital s...
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作者：Nilsson, Bjoern; Biyong, Clemence Pougue
作者单位：Universite Paris Saclay; The World Bank
摘要：Mental health is globally underfunded. In low-income settings, innovative and layman solutions may constitute alternatives to formal medical systems. We evaluate an innovative program training hairdressers to act as first responders to manifestations of mental health issues. 73 hairdressers were trained in active listening. We find some evidence that the training improved hairdresser-customer interactions, but found no effect on the mental health of customers. We also found that training worse...
