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作者：Aman-Rana, Shan
作者单位：University of Virginia
摘要：This paper examines the Pakistan Administrative Services (PAS), a bureaucracy in a high-corruption, lowtransparency environment, to assess whether discretion in promotion decisions allows for the use of private information on bureaucrats' abilities. Using unique data on junior bureaucrats' abilities and their social ties with senior officials, the study finds evidence of meritocratic promotions: senior officials are more likely to promote high-ability juniors over those with social ties, despi...
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作者：Orefice, Gianluca; Rapoport, Hillel; Santoni, Gianluca
作者单位：Universite PSL; Universite Paris-Dauphine; Universite PSL; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; Paris School of Economics
摘要：How do immigrants promote exports? To answer this question we propose an empirical framework allowing to disentangle the role of migration networks that operate at a bilateral level from that of productivity channels (knowledge diffusion and increased workforce diversity) that operate at the aggregate level. We find evidence supporting both, at the extensive as well as at the intensive margin. The results are robust to using various IV strategies. While richer countries' exports tend to benefi...
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作者：Kondylis, Florence; Legovini, Arianna; Vyborny, Kate; Zwager, Astrid; Andrade, Luiza
作者单位：The World Bank; University of Chicago
摘要：We crowdsource information on approximate to 22,000 train rides undertaken by 363 women commuters in Rio de Janeiro to study sexual harassment in the public space and its effects on demand for a women-reserved space. Women traveling in the public space experience harassment on average once a week; randomly tasking them to ride in the reserved space reduces harassment by 50%. A revealed preference exercise shows that demand for the reserved space is heterogeneous, with top-tercile users making ...
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作者：Falcone, Stefano; Rosenberg, Michele
作者单位：Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC); CSIC - Institut d'Analisi Economica (IAE); Barcelona School of Economics; University of Essex
摘要：Agricultural modernization is a critical driver of economic development. However, it can generate conflicts on previously uncontested land. This paper shows that the expansion of capital-intensive agriculture induced by market-oriented reforms and technological innovation in the mid-1990s in Brazil increased the number of land occupations by subsistence farmers and rural workers. Our identification strategy exploits local variation in the profitability of investments in soy production given by...
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作者：Morales-Arilla, Jose; Martin, Diego; Morales, Alvaro
作者单位：Tecnologico de Monterrey; Harvard University
摘要：Do refugees settle in destinations that are ecologically similar to their origins? We assess the relevance of climate matchingtheories of migration for Venezuelan refugees in South America. Leveraging social media data, we build the first local, bilateral matrix of Venezuelan flows across the region. Validation exercises show that this matrix aligns with independent data on Venezuelan refugees at the bilateral, destination and origin levels. We measure bilateral ecological similarities in term...
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作者：Bertelli, Olivia; Calvo, Thomas; Lavallee, Emmanuelle; Mercier, Marion; Mesple-Somps, Sandrine
作者单位：Universite PSL; Universite Paris-Dauphine; Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
摘要：Gender-based violence (GBV) is widespread across the world. While the majority of the literature focuses on women as the victims of GBV, this paper studies men's justifications for and perpetration of GBV in Mali, one of the countries with the highest GBV prevalence rates in the world. We elicit the prevalence of eight GBV-related opinions and behaviors among men in Bamako, the capital city, by administering a set of list experiments that we compare to a set of direct questions to estimate res...
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作者：Ahn, Jaebin; Choi, Jaerim; Chung, Sunghoon
作者单位：International Monetary Fund; Yonsei University; Korea Development Institute (KDI)
摘要：An unprecedented regime change following the 2017 presidential impeachment led to a dramatic shift to more rigid labor market policies in the Republic of Korea, represented by consecutive double-digit hikes in the minimum wage in the next two years. Using a firm-level data set with detailed information about foreign affiliates over the period of 2013 similar to 19, this paper assesses the employment consequences of stricter labor market regulations. The empirical evidence uncovers an underexpl...
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作者：Krakowski, Krzysztof; Ronconi, Lucas
作者单位：University of London; King's College London; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：Does compliance with low-cost civic duties increase accountability-seeking behaviors among citizenry? We address this question by conducting a field experiment at train stations in Buenos Aires. We create exogenous variation in compliance with paying the public transportation fare by: (i) highlighting sanctions for noncompliance and ii) appealing to social norms whereby 90% passengers pay the ticket. We find that both sanctions and norms treatments raise compliance. However, only appeals to so...
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作者：Steffens, Camila; Pereda, Paula Carvalho
作者单位：Leibniz Association; Zentrum fur Europaische Wirtschaftsforschung (ZEW); Universidad Carlos III de Madrid; Universidade de Sao Paulo
摘要：Smoking bans have been widely implemented, despite mixed evidence on their effectiveness in reducing smoking prevalence. This paper provides novel insights into the dynamic impacts of smoking bans in the context of Brazil, a large developing country with 18.4 million regular smokers in 2013. Our estimation strategy exploits the staggered implementation of comprehensive smoking bans in Brazilian state capitals using an event-study framework. We also leverage the variation in policy enforcement ...
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作者：Mizuno, Nobuhiro; Okazawa, Ryosuke
作者单位：University of Osaka; Osaka Metropolitan University
摘要：This study constructs a model of bureaucratic development to provide theoretical foundations for weak-state traps and the stateness-first hypothesis. In our model, public goods production depends on the educational quality of bureaucrats and the quality of bureaucratic institutions. An incumbent, who will compete with a challenger in an election, can invest in institutions and implement civil service reforms that exclude clientelistic recruitment. We show that the incumbent will prefer cliente...
