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作者：Bas, Maria; Paunov, Caroline
作者单位：heSam Universite; Universite Pantheon-Sorbonne; Organisation for Economic Co-operation & Development (OECD)
摘要：This paper investigates how heavy rainfalls resulting from the 2002-03 El Nino climate pattern affect Ecuadorian firms' production and market conditions. We show that affected firms' revenue productivity (TFP-R) and markups decrease. This is due to production efficiency losses (TFP-Q) and higher marginal costs of initially less efficient firms. Decreased product output prices in response to lower product demand explain the impact on initially more efficient firms. However, the shock neither af...
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作者：Attanasio, Orazio; Meghir, Costas; Mommaerts, Corina; Zheng, Yu
作者单位：Yale University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Yale University; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR); University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; University of London; Queen Mary University London; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
摘要：We consider risk sharing in rural China during its rapid economic transformation from the late 1980s through the late 2000s. We document an erosion of consumption insurance against both household-level idiosyncratic and village-level aggregate income shocks, and show that this decline is related to observable economic changes: the shift out of agriculture, the decline of publicly owned Township-and-Village Enterprises, and increased migrant work. Further evidence suggests that as these changes...
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作者：Bachas, Pierre; Brockmeyer, Anne; Garriga, Pablo; Semelet, Camille
作者单位：The World Bank; University of Munich; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut
摘要：Most low-income countries lack high-frequency firm-level data to monitor the effect of economic shocks in real time. We examine whether administrative tax data can help fill this gap, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. In spring 2020, we used the full population of corporate tax returns for 2019 in six developing countries to predict the effect of COVID-induced shocks on formal firms' activity. Comparing the predictions to the realized 2020 data, we find that firms were more resilient th...
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作者：Guo, Naijia; Huang, Wei; Wang, Ruixin
作者单位：Lingnan University; Peking University; Harbin Institute of Technology
摘要：Using variations in the timing of the New Rural Pension Scheme (NRPS) across rural Chinese counties, we examine its effects on eldercare mode, child investment, and son preference. Our findings are three-fold: (1) After the introduction of NRPS, married sons are less likely to live with and provide care for their parents, while married daughters show no significant change in their caregiving behavior; (2) Parents reduce the brideprice for their sons but not the dowry for their daughters; (3) T...
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作者：Koh, Yumi; Li, Jing; Wu, Yifan; Yi, Junjian; Zhang, Hanzhe
作者单位：University of Seoul; Singapore Management University; Peking University; Michigan State University
摘要：Young women outnumber young men in cities in many countries during periods of economic growth urbanization. This gender imbalance among young urbanites is more pronounced in larger cities. We gradual rollout of Special Economic Zones across China as a quasi-experiment to establish the causal of urbanization on gender-differentiated incentives to migrate. We highlight the role of the marriage in increasing rural women's chance of marrying and marrying up in urban areas during rapid urbanization.
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作者：Zha, Fangjing; Zhou, Di
作者单位：Guangdong University of Foreign Studies
摘要：This paper examines the long-term impacts of childhood exposure to educational television on human capital formation. We focus on CCTV-14, China's first nationally broadcast channel specifically designed for children. Exploiting variation in the timing of cable and satellite television rollout across communities, we document that access to CCTV-14 led to significant and persistent improvements in non-cognitive skills. These gains are particularly pronounced among left-behind children, suggesti...
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作者：Riley, Emma; Shonchoy, Abu S.; Osei, Robert Darko
作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; State University System of Florida; Florida International University; University of Ghana
摘要：How can we encourage the adoption of digital financial services? We use an RCT with 115 microfinance groups in Ghana to understand the respective roles of individual incentives to adopt a technology and endorsement of the technology by a peer. We study mobile banking services, a technology which allows deposits and withdrawals between a mobile phone and bank account, dramatically lowering the transaction costs of saving in the bank account. We find that while individual incentives increase ado...
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作者：Almeida, Rita K.; Corseuil, Carlos H. L.; Poole, Jennifer P.
作者单位：The World Bank; Instituto de Pesquisa Economica Aplicada (IPEA); American University
摘要：Between 1999 and 2006, Brazilian cities experienced strong growth in the provision of internet services, driven in part by the privatization of the telecommunications industry. A main concern of policymakers is that digital technology replaces routine, manual tasks, displacing lower-skilled workers that mainly perform these tasks. In Brazil, stringent labor market institutions exist to protect workers from such displacement; but, by increasing formal labor costs, labor market regulations also ...
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作者：Figari, Sebastian
作者单位：Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile
摘要：How do farmers respond to climate change? Using data from hundreds of thousands of farms and analyzing medium-term fluctuations in temperature and precipitation in Chile, this study examines factor adjustment as a mechanism to mitigate the effects of climate change. The findings indicate that extreme heat leads to land reallocation from fruit production to cereal and forestry varieties. While this adaptation strategy helps sustain agricultural output, it also leads to job losses and a decline ...
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作者：Krafft, Caroline
作者单位：University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities; Saint Catherine University
摘要：This research submitted fictitious resumes to online job postings in Egypt, randomizing gender and marital status. More job postings explicitly required men (14 per cent) than women (4 per cent). Despite the gender discrimination in postings, women were only slightly less likely to receive callbacks than men, with only a small difference between single and married women. Differences in callbacks by sex and marital status were not statistically significant. Women and especially married women we...
